Hemoptysis secondary to pulmonary vein stenosis after radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation: A case report and literature review

Pulmonary Vein Occlusion Requiring Lobectomy after Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

“…In such cases, lung resection may be necessary. Reviewing the literature, we have found 11 cases of PVS or PVO after RFA that required lung resection (Table 1) and compared to our case [4,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. There was one more case in which lobectomy was attempted, but because of fibrothorax and dense adhesions not performed [19].…”

“…However, if the case is already chronic with irreversible changes in the lung parenchyma, this procedure would not be helpful. Nehra et al [10] Libretti et al [4] Steliga et al [11] Lee et al [12] Lo et al [13] Cheng et al [14] Lopez-Reyes et al [15] Papakonstanti-nou et al [16] Xuan et al [17] Matsumoto et al The course of PVS usually is an unpredictable process according to the degree and the time. It may progress or even partially resolve [1].…”

Fatal Hemoptysis Secondary to Severe Pulmonary Veins Stenosis and Fibrosing Mediastinitis following Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

“…Our patient was also scheduled for balloon angioplasty and stenting but succumbed because of fatal hemoptysis. Fender et al [9] underline the complexity of PV stenosis treatment and recommend attempting such interventional procedures only in experienced centers. Surgical treatment is generally performed in primary PV stenosis as part of congenital heart disease [18] and not in iatrogenic-induced lesions with severe fibrosis.…”

“…Severe PV stenosis defined as a reduction of >70% in both superoinferior and anteroposterior diameter was noticed in only 0.7% of cases [8]. The incidence of PV stenosis decreased in the later years because of increased experience and technological progress (cryoballoon ablation, pulsed field ablation, circumferential ablation and antral isolation), Xuan et al reporting a 2.44% overall incidence in 2020 [9].…”