Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle: 22 cases (1997–2000)

Dennison, Anita C.; VanMetre, David C.; Callan, Robert J.; Dinsmore, P.; Mason, Gary L.; Ellis, Robert P.

doi:10.2460/javma.2002.221.686

Cited by 71 publications

(137 citation statements)

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“…Upon rectal palpations, distended bowels (jejunum, cecum and colon), a reduction in the amount or absence of feces and the presence of blood clots in the stool are usually observed. (DENNISSON et al, 2002). The clinical findings described in the present report are consistent with those previously reported in the literature, but unfortunately, there are no pathognomonic clinical signs and they often overlap those of other diseases.…”

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confidence: 92%

Jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in a Zebu cow in Brazil

et al. 2015

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Clostridium perfringens type A has been incriminated as the etiologic agent in jejunal hemorrhage syndrome (JHS), which is a disease that affects dairy cattle. Although this microorganism is considered an important enteropathogen the pathogenesis of JHS is still not clear, and there have been no reports of its occurrence in Brazil so far. The aim of this study was to describe the occurrence of JHS by infection with a C. perfringens type A strain carrying the beta-2 toxin gene in a zebu cow in Brazil, for the first time.

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confidence: 92%

Jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in a Zebu cow in Brazil

et al. 2015

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“…In cattle with hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS), the blood clots can occasionally be imaged as an echogenic masses in the lumen of the small intestine (Fig. 24) [45]. In a heifer with duodenal ileus, ultrasonography showed that the gallbladder was not in its normal position, and exploratory laparotomy revealed that the displaced gallbladder was causing obstruction of the duodenum [46].…”

Section: Ileus Of the Small Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonography of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Cattle

Braun

2009

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

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Ultrasonography is an ideal diagnostic tool for the investigation of bovine gastrointestinal disorders, the most common of which are traumatic reticuloperitonitis, left and right displacement of the abomasum, ileus of the small intestine, and dilatation and displacement of the cecum. An ultrasonographic examination is performed on nonsedated, standing cattle using a 3.5 MHz to 5.0 linear or convex transducer. When a tentative diagnosis has been made based on the clinical findings, often only the region in question is examined. For example, in cases with suspected traumatic reticuloperitonitis, the examination is performed in the sternal and parasternal regions, and in cattle suspected of having cholestasis, only the costal part of the abdominal wall on the right side is examined. Even experienced clinicians may not be able to pinpoint the organ affected and make a diagnosis in patients in which abdominal disease is suspected, however. In such cases, both sides of the abdomen are examined. Normally, the reticulum,1,2 spleen,1-4 rumen,2 and parts of the abomasum5,6 are seen on the left side, and the liver,7-9 omasum,10,11 parts of the abomasum,5,6 small intestine,12,13 large intestine,14,15 and right kidney16 are seen on the right. The uterus may be seen on either side depending on the stage of pregnancy. This article describes the ultrasonographic techniques used for examination of the reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, and large intestine. The normal findings are presented followed by a description of the most important diseases of these organs.Ultrasonography of the gastrointestinal tract in cattle AbstractUltrasonography is an ideal diagnostic tool for investigating gastrointestinal disorders in cattle. It is performed on standing non-sedated cattle using a 3.5 to 5.0 MHz linear or convex transducer. In animals with traumatic reticuloperitonitis, inflammatory fibrinous changes and abscesses can be imaged. Ultrasonography can be used to assess the size, position and contents of the abomasum. In left displacement of the abomasum, the abomasum is seen

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“…Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome is a moderately well-described entity, 1,7,8 which has significant overlap with the cases described herein. In the current report, the term "jejunal hematoma" is used in preference to HBS because it is believed to more accurately describe the gross and histologic lesions and because it is a more specific term.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A small percentage of affected animals may present with abdominal pain prior to death. 3,8 On postmortem examination, it is clear that the animals have bled into the intestinal lumen with most cases having 1 or more short segments of small intestine with intramural hematomas. 1 The underlying cause for this entity is not known but the most commonly discussed potential cause is infection with Clostridium perfringens, type A isolates that contain the beta2 toxin gene (cpb2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Jejunal hematoma in cattle

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Sixteen years of adult cattle submissions to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System were examined and data captured from cases with anaerobic cultures of intestinal content. Analysis was performed to determine if there were statistical differences between case submission types (nonbloody intestinal content [129 cases], bloody intestinal content [134 cases], and jejunal hematoma [JH; 51 cases]) for the presence of Clostridium perfringens (314 cases), C. perfringens toxinotypes (35 cases), and C. perfringens toxins (51 cases) in the content. Across submission types, significant differences were found in the isolation of C. perfringens between different specimen types (live cow, dead cow, or tissue from a field necropsy) with field samples being the most likely to have C. perfringens detected and live animals the least likely (P = 0.001). In cases of JH, detection of C. perfringens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was more likely when a live or dead animal was submitted (P = 0.023) or when a live animal was submitted (P = 0.019) compared with submission of field necropsy tissues. These differences were not observed when cultures were performed to detect C. perfringens in cases of JH. There were no statistical differences between submission types with regard to any other variables evaluated. Detailed histologic examination of 21 cases of JH suggested disturbance of normal vascular or lymphatic function as the underlying problem in this entity.Key words: Clostridium perfringens; cows; hemorrhagic bowel syndrome; jejunal hematoma.Jejunal hematoma in cattle 97 whole carcass, tissue from a field necropsy) is shown in Table 1. Anaerobic culturesIntestinal content was plated to prereduced anaerobically sterilized (PRAS) Brucella agar, phelylethyl alcohol (PEA) agar, and an egg yolk agar (EYA) plate and incubated at 35-37°C under anaerobic conditions. Plates were examined for growth at 1-3 days for the presence of colonies with a double zone of hemolysis on Brucella agar or lecithinase positive on EYA. One to 3 compatible colonies were subcultured to Brucella agar for purity and incubated anaerobically for 18-48 hr and then examined for purity. Once a pure culture was obtained, each colony type was subcultured to a chocolate agar plate and incubated at 35-37°C in 5-10% CO 2 and examined at 18-24 and 42-48 hr to check for aerotolerance. If no growth occurred on the chocolate plate, the isolate was worked up as an anaerobic organism. The double zone hemolysis isolates were Gram stained, and those that were large Gram-positive rods with or without spores were tested further. Clostridium perfringens colonies had a double zone of hemolysis on the PRAS Brucella plate and were lecithinase positive and lipase negative on EYA with a reverse Christie, Atkins, Munch-Peterson (CAMP) reaction when tested against Streptococcus agalactiae. GenotypingClostridium perfringens genotyping was performed on 35 isolates by the laboratory of J. Glenn Songer at University of Arizona. Isolates were typed by a m...

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Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle: 22 cases (1997–2000)

Cited by 71 publications

References 4 publications

Jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in a Zebu cow in Brazil

Jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in a Zebu cow in Brazil

Ultrasonography of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Cattle

Jejunal hematoma in cattle

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