Hemorrhagic Encephalitis after COVID-19 (Clinical Case)

Abstract

COVID-19 is an urgent problem all over the world that affects not only the respiratory system, but also causes many neurological disorders. In connection with the clinical manifestations of COVID-19, further detailed study of neurological complications is required, such as ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, damage to the peripheral nervous system, and inflammatory diseases of the brain. Some neurological symptoms after an illness may persist for several weeks or even months. Hemorrhagic encephalitis is one such complication of COVID-19. Taking into account the growth of COVID-19 and frequent neurological complications after a previous illness, more and more often patients will seek medical help from a specialist, such as a neurologist, psychologist, psychiatrist. The only protection against COVID-19, which causes serious complications, is vaccination. The purpose of the study was to highlight a rare case of hemorrhagic encephalitis, which developed against the background of the previous COVID-19 disease. Materials and methods. The work is based on a description of a clinical case of hemorrhagic encephalitis in a patient who has undergone COVID-19. The modern literature data on the clinical and diagnostic features and therapeutic possibilities of hemorrhagic encephalitis are presented. Results and discussion. The article examines data on the clinical manifestations of COVID-19, which can occur in both mild and severe forms, reflects the diagnostic criteria of this disease, highlights treatment approaches, discusses in detail and provides data on the main aspects of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying development of the disease. Complications of COVID-19 have been described, not only from the central and peripheral nervous system, but also from other systems. The second part of the article is presented in the form of a clinical case of hemorrhagic encephalitis against the background of the undergone COVID-19, which was recorded in our hospital. This part of the article describes in detail the patient's complaints and anamnestic data, the data of the somatic and neurological examination at the time of admission to the hospital and in dynamics, and describes the treatment tactics. Attention is especially focused on the cognitive functions of this patient, which will become the reason for seeing a psychiatrist in the future. Conclusion. Neurological complications of COVID-19 are increasingly registered, requiring close attention from neurologists. Hemorrhagic encephalitis can be one of these complications