Hemorrhagic Manifestations of Bacterial and Virus Infections: Experimental Studies and Pathological Interpretations

Shwartzman, Gregory; Gerber, Isadore E.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1948.tb30957.x

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The profound effects of endotoxin on clotting are demonstrated by both local and generalized Schwartzman reactions (65). In animal studies, these reactions have been incited by two injections of endotoxin 12 to 18 h apart.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Gram-negative sepsis: a dilemma of modern medicine

Bone

1993

Clin Microbiol Rev

190

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Gram-negative sepsis is an increasingly common problem, with up to 300,000 cases occurring each year in the United States alone. Despite the ongoing development of new antibiotics, mortality from gram-negative sepsis remains unacceptably high. To stimulate earlier therapeutic intervention by physicians, a new set of broad definitions has been proposed to define the systemic inflammatory response characteristic of sepsis. In this review, the signs and symptoms of this progressive, injurious process are reviewed and its management is discussed, as are the mechanisms by which bacterial endotoxin triggers the biochemical events that lead to such serious complications as shock, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. These events often occur even when appropriate antimicrobial therapy has been instituted. An increased understanding of the structure of endotoxin and its role in the development of sepsis, together with advances in hybridoma technology, has led to the development of monoclonal antibodies that bind to endotoxin and significantly attenuate its adverse effects. These agents promise to substantially reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with gram-negative sepsis.

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Gram-negative sepsis: a dilemma of modern medicine

Bone

1993

Clin Microbiol Rev

190

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Even though most of the endotoxin injected is found in liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys shortly after injection, it may interact first with blood cells and then be trapped together with these cells. This conclusion can be drawn from the observation that: (1) endotoxin injection into animals caused a decrease in platelet 72,73 and leukocyte 72,74,75 counts within seconds (for review, see Müller-Berghaus and Lasch 46 ); and (2) in vitro experiments demonstrated a toxic effect on leukocytes and platelets (see before). As little as 15 to 30 seconds after intravenous injection of endotoxin, a decrease in platelet 76,77 (for review, see Müller-Berghaus and Lasch 46 ), granulocyte, 72,78 monocyte, 79,80 and lymphocyte 80,81 counts has been observed.…”

Section: Endotoxin-induced Endothelial Cell Injury In Vivomentioning

confidence: 99%