Hemorrhoid, internal iliac vein reflux and peripheral varicose vein: Affecting each other or affected vessels?

Yetkın, Ertan

doi:10.1177/0268355514565196

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…15 Beyond the effects of triggering factors like constipation, pregnancies, standing for long time periods, and anatomical continuity of lower extremity veins, pelvic, urogenital and anorectal veins, we may imply that these venous vascular territories are already prone to dilate due to vascular wall pathology itself. 21 Similar symptomatic associations of single vascular territories with other remote vascular territories have been reported recently. 8,9 Patients with varicocele have been reported to have lower VEINES-Sym scores than those without varicocele.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Assessment of venous leg symptoms in patients with hemorrhoidal disease (VEIN-HEMORRHOID study)

Çuğlan

Öztürk

Ozcan³

et al. 2021

Phlebology

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Background Coexistence of dilating venous diseases in different vascular territories has raised the idea that they have similar vascular wall abnormality in their evolutionary process. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate venous leg symptoms in patients with hemorrhoidal disease (HD) by means of VEINES-Sym questionnaire. Materials and methods The study involved 249 consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy and met the inclusion criteria. Presence and grading of HD were made according to Goligher’s classification. All patients were examined for the existing of varicose vein and classified in respect of CEAP classiﬁcation. All participants were requested to answer the VEINES-Sym questionnaire. Results There was not statistically significant differences between the patients without HD (grade 0 or I) and with HD (Grade II or III) in respect to clinical characteristics except female predominance in hemorrhoid group (p = 0.07). Scores of heavy legs, swelling, burning sensation, restless leg, throbbing, tingling, and total VEINES score were significantly lower (ie: worse) in hemorrhoid group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender and total VEINES score were independently associated with HD (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.17-3.52, p = 0.01; OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92-0.99, p = 0.02, respectively). Among all venous leg symptoms, severity of heavy legs, night cramps, swelling and aching were significantly correlated with the grades of HD. Conclusion We have shown significant association between the HD and venous leg symptoms reflected by total VEINES score and significant correlation between the HD grade and venous leg symptoms severity including heavy legs, swelling, night cramps and aching legs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Assessment of venous leg symptoms in patients with hemorrhoidal disease (VEIN-HEMORRHOID study)

Çuğlan

Öztürk

Ozcan³

et al. 2021

Phlebology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…22 According to these reports, it is reasonable to suggest that dilating venous diseases are closely linked to each other and venous reflux or dilatation of the venous vessels in different vascular systems might have originated from a systemic vascular wall pathology rather than being a local disease. 2,23 Surprisingly, similar association has also been demonstrated between dilating venous and arterial vessel diseases. This association has been demonstrated between coronary artery ectasia and varicocele, 24 and coronary artery ectasia and varicose veins 25 in previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Venous leg symptoms in patients with varicocele: A multicenter assessment study (VEIN-TURKEY study)

Öztürk¹,

Akbaba

Kılıç

et al. 2018

Phlebology

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Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate chronic venous disease symptoms by using the Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study-Quality of Life/Symptoms (VEINES-QoL/Sym) questionnaire in varicocele patients. Material and methods The study was designed as a prospective, case controlled study and conducted in four hospitals from Turkey. A total of 600 patients who admitted to urology outpatient clinic were enrolled to the study. After the exclusion of 44 patients who do not match the inclusion criteria, the remaining 556 patients were examined for the presence and grade of varicocele and subsequently examined clinically for the presence of chronic venous disease findings. Finally, patients were asked to answer the VEINES-Sym questionnaire consisting of 10 items. All patients' demographic parameters, cardiovascular risk factors, other co-morbid diseases and drug usage were noted. Results Patients were classified into two groups: varicocele (+) group ( n = 269) and varicocele (-) group ( n = 287). VEINES-Sym scores of varicocele patients were lower compared to patients without varicocele (41.41 ± 5.21, 43.19 ± 3.22, respectively, p < 0.001). Grades of varicocele significantly but inversely correlated with VEINES-Sym score ( r = 0, -206, p = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that presence of varicocele irrespective of grading significantly and independently associated with the presence of aching (odds ratio: 2.054, 95% confidence interval: 1.265-3.338, p = 0.004) and throbbing (odds ratio: 2.586, 95% confidence interval: 1.353-4.943, p = 0.004). Conclusion Varicocele patients have lower VEINES-Sym scores compared to patients without varicocele and this finding is inversely correlated with the degree of the varicocele. This association supports the hypothesis that there may be a systemic vessel wall abnormality in venous disease patients. Patients with symptoms related to vascular dilatation in any territory may deserve to be assessed systematically with the support of further clinical studies.

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“…Beyond the pathophysiological mechanism of ecchymosis or coldness and their association with PVV, questioning ecchymosis and sense of coldness would certainly improve our understanding and decision-making capabilities on the clinical evaluation of patients regarding the complex situation in venous disease leg symptoms and diagnostic challenges. [15][16][17][18][19] Although we demonstrated significant difference regarding the ecchymosis and coldness between patients with and without PVV and significant association of ecchymosis with PVV, such a difference or association could not be documented in patients with and without varicocele. This may be partially explained by different contributing or environmental factors for varicocele and PVV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Ecchymosis and Coldness in Peripheral Varicose Vein Patients: Observations From VEIN-TURKEY Study

Öztürk¹,

Akbaba

Kılıç

et al. 2020

The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds

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The purpose of this subgroup analysis is to investigate and analyze the venous leg symptoms including sense of coldness and sign of ecchymosis in patients with or without peripheral varicose veins (PVVs) from VEIN-TURKEY study population. A total of 600 patients, who were enrolled to VEIN-TURKEY study recently, were included in this subgroup analysis. Patients were examined clinically for the presence and severity of PVV and varicocele. Patients were asked to answer the VEINES-Sym questionnaire consisting of 10 parts and questions about ecchymosis and coldness in their legs. Frequency of symptoms present in the VEINES-Sym instrument, coldness (16.6%, 6.5%, P = .002, respectively), and ecchymosis (16.6%, 2.7%, P < .001, respectively) were significantly higher in patients with PVV compared to patients without PVV. Mean score of each symptom was significantly lower in PVV (+) patients including scores of ecchymosis and coldness. Total VEINES-Sym score was also correlated with the scores of ecchymosis ( r = 0.18, P < .001) and coldness ( r = 0.35, P < .001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that heavy legs, aching legs, night cramps, and ecchymosis are significantly and independently associated with PVV. In conclusion, sign of ecchymosis and coldness are significantly higher in patients with PVV compared to patients without PVV in a population recruited from the urology clinics. In clinical evaluation, presence or sign of ecchymosis and coldness in legs should be considered to be compatible with PVV in the absence of trauma, hematologic pathologies including antiplatelet treatment, and arterial stenosis or obstruction.

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Hemorrhoid, internal iliac vein reflux and peripheral varicose vein: Affecting each other or affected vessels?

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Assessment of venous leg symptoms in patients with hemorrhoidal disease (VEIN-HEMORRHOID study)

Assessment of venous leg symptoms in patients with hemorrhoidal disease (VEIN-HEMORRHOID study)

Venous leg symptoms in patients with varicocele: A multicenter assessment study (VEIN-TURKEY study)

Ecchymosis and Coldness in Peripheral Varicose Vein Patients: Observations From VEIN-TURKEY Study

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