Hemp fibers/polypropylene composites by reactive compounding: Improvement of physical properties promoted by selective coupling chemistry

Rachini, Ali; Mougin, Gérard; Delalande, Stéphane; Charmeau, Jean‐Yves; Barrès, Claire; Fleury, Étienne

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.03.034

Cited by 47 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, a drop in tensile strength with reinforcement was observed for the hemp reinforced dog bone specimens; the 20 wt % hemp dog bone possessed a tensile strength of approximately 14 MPa, making it almost 18% weaker than the unfilled polypropylene specimen. Such reduction for hemp, in contrast to that for harakeke fiber along with the higher strengths for filaments, suggests that issues relating to poor interlayer fusion, and the presence of stress concentration points occurring during FDM could have a greater affect on the hemp printed specimens [15]. Better values obtained with harakeke fiber could be explained by it being a finer fiber (approximately half the diameter of the hemp fiber) and thus able to flow more readily through the fine nozzle used in FDM.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Overall reduction of strength between filament and printed samples supports the need to further optimize print quality in order to produce better properties. specimens [15]. Better values obtained with harakeke fiber could be explained by it being a finer fiber (approximately half the diameter of the hemp fiber) and thus able to flow more readily through the fine nozzle used in FDM.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Hemp specimens experienced a 6.5% drop in Young's modulus when the fiber concentration was increased from 20 to 30 wt %, whilst harakeke encountered a decrease of almost 36%. specimens [15]. Better values obtained with harakeke fiber could be explained by it being a finer fiber (approximately half the diameter of the hemp fiber) and thus able to flow more readily through the fine nozzle used in FDM.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Characterizing the Mechanical Properties of Fused Deposition Modelling Natural Fiber Recycled Polypropylene Composites

2017

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Abstract:The objective of this investigation was to characterize the performance of natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composites in fused deposition modelling (FDM). Composite filaments comprising of pre-consumer recycled polypropylene with varying contents of hemp or harakeke fibers were extruded from which tensile test specimens were made using FDM. Filament and test specimens were tensile tested and properties were compared with plain polypropylene samples; the ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus of reinforced filament increased by more than 50% and 143%, respectively, for both 30 wt % hemp or harakeke compared to polypropylene filament. However, the same degree of improvement was not seen with the FDM test specimens, with several compositions having properties lower than for unfilled polypropylene. SEM analysis of fracture surfaces revealed uniform fiber dispersion and reasonable fiber alignment, but porosity and fiber pull-out were also observed. Fiber reinforcement was found to give benefit regarding dimensional stability during extrusion and FDM, which is of major importance for its implementation in FDM. Recommendations for optimization of processing in order to enhance build quality and improve mechanical properties are provided.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Characterizing the Mechanical Properties of Fused Deposition Modelling Natural Fiber Recycled Polypropylene Composites

2017

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“…Even though, when using the IFR system as the flame retardants for WPC, high loadings of natural fiber and flame retardants cause the poor interfacial compatibility between the fillers and polymer matrix, resulting in the deterioration of mechanical properties . The interfacial compatibility of WPC should be improved to maintain reasonable mechanical properties . The widely used interfacial compatibilizers are the maleated polyolefins .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retarded polyethylene/wood flour composites with high performances: Satisfying both sides with intumescent flame retardants and synergistic compatibilizers, respectively

et al. 2016

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WPC is inflammable that threatens the safety of life and property. To reduce the risk of conflagration, it is important to make WPC flame retardant. But the flame retarded WPC is usually highly loaded which deteriorates its mechanical properties. It is difficult to satisfy both sides. In this article, we make attempt to prepare the flame retarded polyethylene/wood flour (WF) composites with high mechanical properties by using an ammonium polyphosphate and phosphorus based intumescent flame retardants (IFR) system. To maintain the high performances of the flame retarded composites, the multi‐monomer graft copolymers are synergistically used as the interfacial compatibilizers for the composites. Cone calorimeter testing, UL94 flame tests, limited oxygen index (LOI) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are used to evaluate the flammability properties and thermal stability of the composites. Results show that WF enhances the flame retardancy of the composites with the help of suitable IFR system. The coordination of flame retardants with WF content is an effective measure to control the fire spreading and the risk of combustion. The incorporation of flame retardants transforms the role of WF from the inflammable material into the charring agent of IFR system. By using the IFR system, a highly flame retarded composite with V0 classification based on the vertical combustion testing was successfully prepared. With the help of the synergistic compatibilizers, it is possible to prepare an intumescable flame retarded rPE/WF composites with high performances. The incorporation of WF, and flame retardants can improve the thermal stability of the composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:569–579, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…[14][15][16][17][18][19] For example, maleic anhydride (MA), a common coupling agent, increases the degree of interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the natural fiber by grafting to the thermoplastic matrix polymer. In most natural fiber composites, a weak bond typically exists between the fiber and matrix due to the incompatible nature of most thermoplastics (hydrophobic) and natural fibers (hydrophilic).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical performance and moisture absorption of various natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites

Robertson

Nychka

Alemaskin

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Natural fibers are seeing increased use in composite applications due to their reduced cost, low density, and environmental benefits (more sustainable and lower carbon footprint). Although many natural fiber systems have been examined over the last decade, there have been relatively few studies which have compared a variety of fiber types and processing methods directly in the same experimental set. In this study, natural fiber composites made from low density polyethylene (LDPE) and a variety of Canadian based fiber feedstocks were examined including hemp bast, flax bast, chemically pulped wood, wood chips, wheat straw, and mechanically pulped triticale. The effect of fiber type, fiber fraction and maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) coupling agent on the mechanical properties and long-term moisture absorption behavior was quantified. In general, addition of natural fiber to LDPE results in an increase in modulus (stiffness) with a corresponding loss of material elongation and impact toughness. Of the fiber types tested, composites made from chemically pulped wood had the best mechanical properties and the least moisture absorption. However, the use of MAPE coupling agent was found to significantly increase the mechanical performance and reduce moisture absorption for all other natural fiber types. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 969-980, 2013

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Hemp fibers/polypropylene composites by reactive compounding: Improvement of physical properties promoted by selective coupling chemistry

Cited by 47 publications

References 33 publications

Characterizing the Mechanical Properties of Fused Deposition Modelling Natural Fiber Recycled Polypropylene Composites

Characterizing the Mechanical Properties of Fused Deposition Modelling Natural Fiber Recycled Polypropylene Composites

Flame retarded polyethylene/wood flour composites with high performances: Satisfying both sides with intumescent flame retardants and synergistic compatibilizers, respectively

Mechanical performance and moisture absorption of various natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites

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