Henry's Law Constant for Trichloroethylene between 10 and 95 °C

Heron, Gorm; Christensen, Thomas Højlund; Enfield, Carl G.

doi:10.1021/es9707015

Cited by 93 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The reaction was monitored over time by sampling headspace of the reactors and analysis using an Agilent 7890 GC with a flame ionization detector (FID) equipped with a GS-Q column (0.53 mm × 30 m, Agilent Technologies). The oven temperature was held at 75 • C for 2 min, ramped to 190 • C at a rate of 25 • C/min, and held at 190 • C for 10 min to separate TCE from other chlorinated and non-chlorinated degradation products [39,40]. Aqueous concentrations of TCE and its reaction products were calculated using reported Henry's law constants.…”

Section: Adsorption and Dechlorination Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Trichloroethene with a Novel Ball Milled Fe–C Nanocomposite

Gao

Wang

Rondinone

et al. 2015

Journal of Hazardous Materials

105

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Nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) is effective in reductively degrading dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs), such as trichloroethene (TCE), in groundwater (i.e., dechlorination) although the NZVI technology itself still suffers from high material costs and inability to target hydrophobic contaminants in source zones. To address these problems, we developed a novel, inexpensive iron-carbon (Fe-C) nanocomposite material by simultaneously milling micron-size iron and activated carbon powder. Microscopic and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of the composite material revealed that nanoparticles of Fe were dispersed in activated carbon and a new iron carbide phase was formed. Bench-scale studies showed that this material instantaneously sorbed >90% of TCE from aqueous solutions and subsequently decomposed TCE into non-chlorinated products. Compared to milled Fe, Fe-C nanocomposite dechlorinated TCE at a slightly slower rate and favored the production of ethene over other TCE degradation products such as C3--C6 compounds. When placed in hexane-water mixture, the Fe-C nanocomposite materials are preferentially partitioned into the organic phase, indicating the ability of the composite materials to target DNAPL during remediation.

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Section: Adsorption and Dechlorination Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Trichloroethene with a Novel Ball Milled Fe–C Nanocomposite

Gao

Wang

Rondinone

et al. 2015

Journal of Hazardous Materials

105

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“…DNAPLs have properties that allow them to penetrate the water table and have the potential to migrate to significant depths in both unconsolidated porous media and bedrock. Traditional remediation techniques such as pump and treat and soil‐vapor extraction (SVE) can be hampered by mass transfer limitations, resulting in extended operating times in order to achieve complete DNAPL removal (Mackay and Cherry 1989; Heron et al 1998). In recent years, in situ thermal remediation techniques such as electrical resistive heating (ERH), thermal conductive heating, and steam‐enhanced extraction (SEE) have been receiving increased attention due to their ability to potentially overcome these mass transfer limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Study Evaluating Heating of Tetrachloroethylene Impacted Soil

Burghardt¹,

Kueper²

2008

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the relationship between degree of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) mass removal and heating duration, initial dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) saturation, and soil grain size. Data were collected to evaluate the impact of postheating sample temperature on PCE concentration and to calculate the thermal diffusivity of the soil. A linear relationship was found between initial DNAPL saturation and duration of the co‐boiling plateau, which occurred at 89 °C ± 4 °C. PCE concentrations were reduced most in samples that were heated beyond dryout, but continued heating for 12 hours beyond that point did not lead to further decreases. Heating samples with initial DNAPL saturations between 4.9% and 39.9% pore space illustrated a positive relationship between initial saturation and final soil concentration for a fixed heating duration. Smaller grain size resulted in lower postheating soil concentrations. Cooling postthermal remedy soils to as low as 20 °C prior to sampling did not affect measured PCE concentrations. An analytical model fit to cooling data indicated that the soil diffusivity values ranged from 1.4 × 10−7 to 1.8 × 10−7 m2/s.

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“…The solubility of chlorinated solvents such as TCE and cis ‐1,2‐DCE increase by between 50% and 100% when heating from ambient to 90°C (Heron et al 1998a; Knauss et al 1999b). Also, experimental data on PCE showed that the rate of dissolution increased by about 400% in a controlled laboratory column experiment (Imhoff et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full‐Scale Removal of DNAPL Constituents Using Steam‐Enhanced Extraction and Electrical Resistance Heating

Heron¹,

Carroll²,

Nielsen³

2005

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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In 2003, the United States Department of Energy completed a full‐scale non–aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) remediation of Area A of the Northeast Site at the Young‐Rainey STAR Center, Largo, Florida. Area A covered an area of 930 m2 (10,000 square feet) and extended to a depth of 10.7 m (35 feet), representing a total cleanup volume of 9930 m3 (12,960 cubic yards). The site was contaminated with ∼2500 kg (5500 lb) of NAPL constituents such as trichloroethylene, cis‐1,2‐dichloroethylene, methylene chloride, toluene, and petroleum hydrocarbons. The site consists of a fine‐grained sand aquifer underlain by a Hawthorn clay at 9 m (30 feet) depth. The upper 1.5 m (5 feet) of this clay formed part of the remediation volume, as dense non–aqueous phase liquid was present in this layer. The site was remediated using a combination of steam‐enhanced extraction and electrical resistance heating. Operations lasted 4.5 months. The site was heated to the target temperatures within 6 weeks, at which time the mass removal rate increased more than 1000‐fold. After the target volume had been heated to or near boiling temperatures, pressure cycles were used to increase the mass removal rates, until a final phase of diminishing returns was reached. Postoperational sampling of soil and ground water at randomly selected locations showed the concentrations of all contaminants of concern (COC) to be well below the remedial goals. The majority of the ground water samples were below maximum contaminant level (MCL) for all the COC. The estimate of volatile organic contaminant (VOC) mass removed from the site (1130 kg = 2500 lb) agreed well with the estimate of VOC present before operation (1170 kg = 2580 lb). The postoperational sampling showed that ∼0.5 kg (1 pound) of VOCs remained in the remedial volume, and showed remedial efficiencies of between 99.85% and 99.99% for the four chemicals of concern. Since the postoperational sampling shows all concentrations to be below or close to ground water MCLs, the thermal remedy may be satisfactory for site closure without a polishing phase.

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Henry's Law Constant for Trichloroethylene between 10 and 95 °C

Cited by 93 publications

References 26 publications

Degradation of Trichloroethene with a Novel Ball Milled Fe–C Nanocomposite

Degradation of Trichloroethene with a Novel Ball Milled Fe–C Nanocomposite

Laboratory Study Evaluating Heating of Tetrachloroethylene Impacted Soil

Full‐Scale Removal of DNAPL Constituents Using Steam‐Enhanced Extraction and Electrical Resistance Heating

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