Heparin–cellulose–charcoal composites for drug detoxification prepared using room temperature ionic liquids

Abstract

We report novel heparin-cellulose-charcoal composites prepared using room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) to enhance the biocompatibility and blood compatibility of activated charcoal beads while decreasing the size of their active pores.

Native chitosan/cellulose composite fibers from an ionic liquid via electrospinning

“…In particular, rapid progress of cellulose fiberbased hybrids prepared by electrospinning, any combination of polysaccharides, such as starch, chitin, chitosan, pectin, heparin, fucan, or carageenan, has been achieved in a range of applications, including drug delivery systems, vascular grafts, scaffolds, and wound-healing for tissue engineering. 15,16 The usefulness of cellulose-based hybrid fibers is obvious because the intra-and intermolecular hydrogen bonds in cellulose offer an excellent mechanical strength that stabilizes the entire fiber-structured matrix into the form of gauze during the healing process. 17 Undoubtedly, blending chitosan and cellulose through an electrospinning process represents a viable opportunity to invent novel antibacterial three-dimensional fibrilar-structured wound-healing gauzes.…”

Biocompatible charcoal composites prepared by ionic liquids for drug detoxification

“…ILs are organic liquids that are useful in overcoming the lack of solubility of many nonpolar and polar compounds, including carbohydrates, when these are required to be designed and synthesized in conventional organic solvents. 13,14 Hence, ILs are very useful for dissolving both cellulose and heparin to prepare bloodcompatible charcoal composites for use in hemoperfusion. Cellulose, one of the most abundant renewable organic resources, is a linear polysaccharide made up of β-(1→4) linked glucose.…”

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Activated charcoals are clinically used for hemoperfusion; however, the use of uncoated activated charcoals generally results in thrombosis, eventually requiring additional whole blood citratization and human serum albumin because of the lack of blood compatibility. 13 Clinically, there is a strong need to develop biocompatible charcoal composites capable of prohibiting clot formation and thrombosis during hemoperfusion, kidney dialysis, and preparation of vascular grafts. [13][14][15][16][17] To improve the biocompatibility of activated charcoal, we tried to coat active charcoal with cellulose and heparin using ionic liquids (ILs).…”

“…13 Clinically, there is a strong need to develop biocompatible charcoal composites capable of prohibiting clot formation and thrombosis during hemoperfusion, kidney dialysis, and preparation of vascular grafts. [13][14][15][16][17] To improve the biocompatibility of activated charcoal, we tried to coat active charcoal with cellulose and heparin using ionic liquids (ILs). ILs are organic liquids that are useful in overcoming the lack of solubility of many nonpolar and polar compounds, including carbohydrates, when these are required to be designed and synthesized in conventional organic solvents.…”

Photoluminescent synthetic wood fibers from an ionic liquid via electrospinning

“…1,2 Specifically, biopolymer-based composites fabricated from two or more biopolymers with different physical or chemical properties offer an increased amount of innovative activities for use with various biological applications in tissue engineering, wound healing, biosensor design, imaging, and drug delivery. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Although the incorporation of two or more biopolymers to prepare biopolymer-based composites is required to form them into various shapes through electrospinning, molding with templates, or casting to form films, the fabrication of biopolymer-based composites is still a highly challenging task due to the low solubility of many biopolymers used in most conventional solvents. 10,11 However, ionic liquids (ILs) have excellent potential for the dissolution of biopolymers so that two or more biopolymers can be reconstituted into different shapes of biopolymer-based composites, such as fibers, films or monoliths, when a co-solvent such as water, alcohol or acetone is added to a biopolymers-IL solution.…”