Heparin Sodium Was Prepared from Pig Intestinal Mucosa by Dialysis and Spray Drying

Abstract

A method to extract crude heparin sodium from pig intestinal mucosa by dialysis and spray drying was established. The pig intestinal mucosa was treated in the following steps: enzymolysis, resin exchange adsorption-washing, elution, pressure filtration, dialysis, spray drying. Activity of the product was measured using a heparin anti-IIa factor assay kit. The yield of crude heparin obtained by this method was 2.79% higher than that of oven drying method; the production of 1 kg crude heparin sodium saved 43.4 pigs small intestine. The activity was 98.48 ± 2.49 IU/mg (n = 5), 15.18 IU/mg higher than that obtained by oven drying method. The product is pale white powder, attractive color and easy to dissolve.

Green Nephrology: Citrate, the Green Alternative to Heparin in Hemodialysis

“… 3 One pig yields approximately 650 mg of crude heparin containing about 65,000 IU of both antifactor IIa and antifactor Xa activity. 4 Therefore, based on the usual heparin dose of 5000 IU of unfractionated heparin or 5000 IU of dalteparin, a low molecular weight heparin, 1 pig has to be slaughtered per 13 dialysis sessions. The carbon footprint of raising 1 pig is about 670 kg CO 2 equivalent, which poses a serious threat to the external environment.…”

The kinetics of heparin adsorption with Dowex 1x1 ion exchange resin

“…The other types of resins were successfully employed in heparin separation such as D254 resin (Shu et al, 2018) and Q-Sepharose (method of Volpi, Sarwar et al, 2015). The comparative study of adsorption performance of quaternized-CS/PS microbeads, CS/PS microbeads and Amberlite FPA98 Cl resin showed that the quaternized-CS/PS microbeads had a better adsorption performance than others (Eskandarloo et al, 2018).…”