Hepatic and intestine alterations in mice after prolonged exposure to low oral doses of Microcystin-LR

Sedán, Daniela; Laguens, M; Copparoni, Guido; Aranda, Jorge Oswaldo; Giannuzzi, Leda; Marra, Carlos Alberto; Andrinolo, Darı́o

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.07.011

Cited by 55 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Similarly, Falconer [94] reported lesions in the liver and the small intestine upon oral administration of MC-containing water to pigs. Furthermore, not only epithelial lesions but also decrease in intraepithelial lymphocytes in the intestine was shown in a murine model [95]. Moreover, changes in the activity of membrane enzymes and in the peroxidation status in rat intestine were proven [96].…”

Section: Microcystin Effectsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…For example, exposure to MC-LR affected the immune response of medaka fish and induced sustained pathological changes in the GIT, liver, and other organs [108]. Using mouse as a mammalian in vivo model, MC-LR has been shown to decrease levels of intraepithelial lymphocytes, thus affecting mucosal immunity [95]. In vitro exposure of murine macrophages to MC-LR significantly altered the expression of pro-inflammatory genes and the release of cytokines (Table 2) [69,112].…”

Section: Microcystin Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of cyanobacterial toxins on the human gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Cyanobacterial blooms occur with increasing frequency in freshwater ecosystems, posing a hazard to human and environmental health. Exposure of human to cyanobacterial metabolites occurs mostly via accidental ingestion through contaminated drinking water or during recreational activities and, most frequently, results in gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite the clinical manifestation, cyanobacterial metabolites are rather investigated for their toxicity towards specific organs or tissues, especially hepato-, nephro-, and neurotoxicity, than for effects on the gastrointestinal tract and the associated lymphoid tissue. Main body: The aim of this review was to systematically summarize available literature on the effects on the gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system and compile the data from both, in vitro and in vivo studies, focusing on human health-relevant models. Our systematic literature review revealed significant data gaps in the understanding on metabolites breaching the gastrointestinal barrier and the role of the immune system in the establishment of clinical symptoms. Microcystins and cylindrospermopsin were linked to gastrointestinal symptoms, immune system effects, or both. Furthermore, cyanobacterial bloom lipopolysaccharides, other less studied metabolites and their mixtures have been also implicated to have a role in gastrointestinal inflammation. Conclusion: The collected data indicate the need for a reassessment of potential enterotoxicity of microcystins and cylindrospermopsin. In addition, the carcinogenic potential of cyanotoxins, especially microcystins, has to be clarified, as an increasing amount of epidemiological studies show correlations between cyanobacterial blooms and gastrointestinal cancer incidence. Furthermore, other, often highly abundant bioactive metabolites such as aeruginosins, have to be toxicologically evaluated at distinct levels also accounting for (sub-)chronic exposure to low concentrations and in combination with naturally co-occurring metabolites, which can be expected in drinking water supplies.

show abstract

Section: Microcystin Effectsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Microcystin Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cyanobacterial toxins on the human gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After ingestion, MC are actively transported into liver cells, which leads to damage and necrosis of the liver (Zhang et al ). A recent study by Sedan et al () observed increased liver weight, hepatic vacuole accumulation, elevated serum unsaturated fatty acids, and altered gut microbiota in mice exposed to MC. These data suggest that humans with preexisting liver disease may be especially at risk.…”

Section: Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 93%

A Cyanotoxin Primer for Drinking Water Professionals

Westrick

Szlag²

2018

Journal AWWA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins became an emerging issue for the drinking water industry in 1998 by appearing in the first US Environmental Protection Agency drinking water Contaminant Candidate List (CCL 1). Before CCL, cyanotoxin contaminants did not fit into the two prevailing paradigms: synthetic chemicals and pathogens. Cyanotoxins added a new paradigm: natural chemical toxins. Driven by anthropogenic influences, nutrient loading, and climate change, cyanobacterial blooms are increasing in frequency and distribution. To efficiently produce potable water from a source impacted by a toxic cyanobacterial bloom, drinking water practitioners need to take a multidisciplinary approach. Bloom dynamics (biology), surrogate and analytical methods (chemistry), inactivation/removal of intra-and extracellular toxins and multibarrier treatment (engineering), and risk management (public health) must all be part of a comprehensive management strategy. This article provides a holistic primer for water professionals on cyanotoxin treatment and management using pertinent literature, technical sources, case studies, and experience.

show abstract

“…Multiple animal toxicology studies found dose-dependent hepatic injury and altered changes in liver enzyme levels after oral MC-LR exposure in mammals (Heinze 1999;Fawell et al 1999;Sedan et al 2015), though not every study reported an effect (Ueno et al 1999). In a short-term exposure study in mice, animals were treated with MC-LR by oral gavage for 13 weeks daily (Fawell et al 1999).…”

Section: Mc-lr Toxicity In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Review of the Effect of Microcystin-LR on the Proteome

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cyanobacterial toxins are a growing threat to human and animal welfare in many parts of the world. Microcystin-LR is the most widely studied of the cyanotoxins and has been implicated with hepatotoxicity, neuropathology, and genotoxicity. Numerous studies investigated the effect of microcystin-LR exposure on the proteome using various animal models, and together they form a large database of potential protein biomarkers. However, it is extremely difficult to establish which proteins are specifically affected by microcystin-LR, and which represent a more general toxin response. The goal of this review was to filter out inconsistently reported protein abundancy changes after microcystin-LR exposure. We explored online search engines for studies investigating the effect of microcystin-LR toxicity on the proteome. The selected studies were examined to find overlapping protein abundancy changes. The protein names, their synonyms, and relevant orthologues were used as search terms. This review has produced, for the first time, a comprehensive list of proteins whose abundancies changed in at least two proteomic studies investigating microcystin-LR toxicity in rodents and zebrafish. Proteins involved in oxidoreductase activity and cytoskeletal processes are persistently affected by microcystin-LR exposure. Several oxidative stress markers are consistently altered across multiple proteomic studies, which correlates with findings from epidemiological studies that linked chronic microcystin exposure to increased incidences of liver and colorectal cancer. This study unveils which proteins' abundancies are consistently altered after microcystin-LR exposure and opens new doors to understanding the mechanisms behind microcystin-LR toxicity.

show abstract

Hepatic and intestine alterations in mice after prolonged exposure to low oral doses of Microcystin-LR

Cited by 55 publications

References 53 publications

Effects of cyanobacterial toxins on the human gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system

Effects of cyanobacterial toxins on the human gastrointestinal tract and the mucosal innate immune system

A Cyanotoxin Primer for Drinking Water Professionals

A Comparative Review of the Effect of Microcystin-LR on the Proteome

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About