Hepatic and renal pathology of intraperitoneally administered microcystin-LR in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Kotak, Brian G.; Semalulu, Souleh; Fritz, David L.; Prepas, E. E.; Hrudey, Steve E.; Coppock, Robert W.

doi:10.1016/0041-0101(96)00009-8

Cited by 148 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In rainbow trout, all fish in 1 000 μg MC-LR/kg BW dose group (i.p.) died within 25 h but no death was reported at the dose of 400 μg/kg BW or less, suggesting that the 24 h LD 50 ranges 400-1 000 μg/kg BW [22] , and the mortality of rainbow trout is 100% within 24 h after injection of 550 μg MC-LR/kg BW [23] . It was reported that the LD 50 of MC-LR in Carassius auratus is 380 μg MC-LR/kg BW [24] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It was reported that pathological alterations can be observed in rainbow trout injected i.p. with 400 or 1 000 μg MC-LR/kg BW [22] , indicating that expressive dystrophic alterations occur in hepatocytes with karyopycnosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis, small focal necrosis, hemorrhage and edema. However, clinical and pathological signs of intoxication of silver carp in the present study were not significant, suggesting that silver carp is more resistant to the effect of MC-LR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatic Histopathological Characteristics and Antioxidant Response of Phytoplanktivorous Silver Carp Intraperitoneally Injected with Extracted Microcystins

Li¹,

Xie²

2009

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic Histopathological Characteristics and Antioxidant Response of Phytoplanktivorous Silver Carp Intraperitoneally Injected with Extracted Microcystins

Li¹,

Xie²

2009

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences

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“…There are a lot of different analogues of MCs, being microcystin-LR (MCLR), in acute terms, one of the most potent MCs. This microcystin is a potent hepatotoxin that accumulates in the liver, disrupting sinusoidal endothelial cells and causing hemorrhagic shock and rapid death in mice (17), rats (19), and fish (15). In addition, previous studies have showed that exposure to MCLR may cause renal toxic effects, including histopathological changes and modifications in the kidney functional parameters in rats (20) and fish (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Microcystin-LR on the activity of membrane enzymes in rat intestinal mucosa

Moreno

Mate

Repetto

et al. 2003

J. Physiol. Biochem.

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I. M. MORENO, A. MATE, G. REPETTO, C. M. VÁZQUEZ and A. M. CAMEÁN. Influence of Microcystin-LR on the activity of membrane enzymes in ratintestinal mucosa. J. Physiol. Biochem., 59 (4), [293][294][295][296][297][298][299][300] 2003.The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of microcystin-LR (MCLR) on the activity of membrane enzymes from intestinal mucosa. In addition, serum chemistry and peroxidative status of both serum and intestinal homogenate were evaluated after treatment with MCLR. Wistar rats were treated with intraperitoneal injection of either 100 µg pure MCLR/Kg body weight or saline solution. A significant increase in liver weight and altered serum enzyme activities were found in MCLR-treated rats, indicating damage to the liver in these rats, as previously suggested. A higher specific activity of sucrase (1.5-fold) was observed after the administration of MCLR, whereas other intestinal apical membrane enzymes, such as lactase, maltase and alkaline phosphatase were not modified by the treatment. The specific activities of acid phosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase, markers for lysosomal and mitochondrial membranes, respectively, were also increased (32% and 60%, respectively) in treated rats. The analysis of lipid peroxidation showed that the peroxidative status was increased in both serum and intestinal mucosa from MCLRtreated rats, reflecting an excess production of oxygen free radicals induced by this cyanobacterial toxin. In conclusion, this study shows that acute exposure to MCLR affects the intestinal physiology by modifying the intestinal peroxidation status as well as the activity of membrane enzymes.

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“…Some conspicuous effects of microcystin-LR were also been reported on carp kidney (Rabergh et al, 1991). Many other studies show the nephrotoxicity promoted by microcystin-LR (Kotak et al, 1996;Nobre et al, 1999;Milutinovic et al, 2002Milutinovic et al, , 2003. Human intoxications were described for populations exposed through drinking water or recreational activities (Falconer, 1999) and for many patients submitted to renal dialysis treatment (Pouria et al, 1998;Azevedo et al, 2002;Soares et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mitochondria a key role in microcystin‐LR kidney intoxication

La-Salete

Oliveira

Palmeira

et al. 2007

J of Applied Toxicology

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Microcystins (MCs) are a group of closely related cyclic heptapeptides produced by a variety of common cyanobacteria. These toxins have been implicated in both human and livestock mortality. Microcystin-LR could affect renal physiology by altering vascular, glomerular and urinary parameters, indicating that MC-LR could act directly on the kidney. The aim of the current work was to examine the effect of MC-LR on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation of rat kidney isolated mitochondria.Furthermore, microcystin-LR decreased both state 3 and carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP)-uncoupled respiration. The transmembrane potential was strongly depressed by MC-LR in a concentration dependent manner, pointing to an uncoupling effect; however, microcystin-LR did not increase the permeability of the inner mitochondria membrane to protons. Therefore, the transmembrane decrease was a consequence of a strong inhibitory effect on redox complexes. The addition of uncoupling concentrations of MC-LR to Ca 2+ + + + + -loaded mitochondria treated with ruthenium red resulted in mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, as evidenced by mitochondrial swelling in isosmotic sucrose medium. Mitochondrial swelling in the presence of Ca 2+ + + + + was prevented by cyclosporin A and was drastically inhibited by catalase and dithiothreitol, indicating the participation of mitochondrial generated reactive oxygen species in this process. From this study it can be concluded that the bioenergetic lesion promoted by microcystin-LR seems to be sufficient to explain renal injury.

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Hepatic and renal pathology of intraperitoneally administered microcystin-LR in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Cited by 148 publications

References 18 publications

Hepatic Histopathological Characteristics and Antioxidant Response of Phytoplanktivorous Silver Carp Intraperitoneally Injected with Extracted Microcystins

Hepatic Histopathological Characteristics and Antioxidant Response of Phytoplanktivorous Silver Carp Intraperitoneally Injected with Extracted Microcystins

Influence of Microcystin-LR on the activity of membrane enzymes in rat intestinal mucosa

Mitochondria a key role in microcystin‐LR kidney intoxication

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