Hepatic artery chemoembolization for 110 gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Abstract

Objectives: Previous research among foragers and theory suggests that nonmaternal caregivers offer essential assistance, which supports female reproduction and the costs associated with lengthy child development. Mothers' face trade‐offs in energy allocation between work and childcare, particularly when mothers have an infant. These trade‐offs likely have crucial impacts on the pace of reproduction and child health. Caregivers can help mothers with childcare or they can reduce a mother's nonchildcare workload. If caregivers assist mothers by substituting childcare, then maternal energy expenditure (EE) in other work activities should increase. If caregivers assist mothers by substituting labor, then maternal EE in work activities should decrease when caregivers are present. Methods: Utilizing detailed, quantitative behavioral observations and EE data, we test these propositions with data from 28 Aka forager mothers with children <35 months old. We isolate paternal, grandmaternal, and other caregiver effects on maternal EE and childcare in multivariate analyses. Results: Our results show that caregivers (largely grandmothers) significantly reduce mothers' work EE by as much 216 kcal across a 9‐hour observation period, while fathers and juveniles appear to increase maternal EE. Direct childcare from grandmothers decreases maternal direct care by about one‐to‐one indicating a labor substitution. Direct childcare from fathers decreases maternal care by almost 4 to 1, resulting in a net reduction of total direct care from all caregivers. Conclusions: Our results indicate that there are multiple pathways by which helpers offset maternal work/childcare trade‐offs. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2013. © 2012Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

“…Those with very limited disease progression (one to three lesions) have the best outcomes, whereas those with widespread progression do not seem to benefit from surgical intervention (70,71). The use of other localized modalities for managing progression has been explored in small studies, including radio frequency ablation and arterial embolization (72)(73)(74).…”

Hemoperitoneo en GIST metastásico

“…El hígado es el lugar más frecuente de metástasis de los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal, con una incidencia entre el 55-72% en los pacientes con recurrencia. En ocasiones se ha empleado la embolización de la arteria hepática como tratamiento para las metástasis hepáticas, aunque en nuestro caso su finalidad era la de controlar el sangrado existente en ese momento 5 .…”

Interventional therapies of unresectable liver metastases

“…The median survival rate of patients averaged 8.6 months (Vogl et al 2002). The survival of patients with liver metastases who underwent TACE has a wide range as reported in the literatures (Vogl et al 2002(Vogl et al , 2009Ruutiainen et al 2007;Kobayashi et al 2006;Wasser et al 2005;Falconi et al 1999;Vogl et al 2007) ( Table 1).…”