Hepatic encephalopathy: Lessons from preclinical studies

Lima, Luiza Cioglia Dias; Miranda, Aline Silva de; Ferreira, Rodrigo Novaes; Rachid, Milene Alvarenga; Silva, Ana Cristina Simões e

doi:10.4254/wjh.v11.i2.0000

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The free-radical scavenging potential and the inter-linked antioxidant components in the plant extract reportedly played a critical role in hepatotoxicity which was mediated by the actions of free-radicals on hepatocytes leading to cell necrosis [ 81 ]. In this connection, the Suaeda vermiculata aq.-ethanolic extract also showed free-radical inhibition properties, and the data reported in this study is following previously published reports demonstrating the hepatoprotective effects in CCl 4 -induced extensive liver damage models by the aq.-ethanolic extract containing antioxidant compounds as part of the mother liquor obtained from the plant [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 66 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Suaeda vermiculata Aqueous-Ethanolic Extract-Based Mitigation of CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats, and HepG-2 and HepG-2/ADR Cell-Lines-Based Cytotoxicity Evaluations

Mohammed

Khan

El-Readi

et al. 2020

Plants

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Suaeda vermiculata, an edible halophytic plant, used by desert nomads to treat jaundice, was investigated for its hepatoprotective bioactivity and safety profile on its mother liquor aqueous-ethanolic extract. Upon LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the presence of several constituents including three major flavonoids, namely quercetin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, and kaempferol-O-(acetyl)-hexoside-pentoside were confirmed. The aqueous-ethanolic extract, rich in antioxidants, quenched the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radicals, and also showed noticeable levels of radical scavenging capacity in ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay. For the hepatoprotective activity confirmation, the male rat groups were fed daily, for 7 days (n = 8/group, p.o.), either carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) 0.5%, silymarin 200 mg/kg, the aqueous-ethanolic extract of the plant Suaeda vermiculata (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg extract), or quercetin (100 mg/kg) alone, and on day 7 of the administrations, all the animal groups, excluding a naïve (250 mg/kg aqueous-ethanolic extract-fed), and an intact animal group were induced hepatotoxicity by intraperitoneally administering carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). All the animals were sacrificed after 24 h, and aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase serum levels were observed, which were noted to be significantly decreased for the aqueous-ethanolic extract, silymarin, and quercetin-fed groups in comparison to the CMC-fed group (p < 0.0001). No noticeable adverse effects were observed on the liver, kidney, or heart’s functions of the naïve (250 mg/kg) group. The aqueous-ethanolic extract was found to be safe in the acute toxicity (5 g/kg) test and showed hepatoprotection and safety at higher doses. Further upon, the cytotoxicity testings in HepG-2 and HepG-2/ADR (Adriamycin resistant) cell-lines were also investigated, and the IC50 values were recorded at 56.19±2.55 µg/mL, and 78.40±0.32 µg/mL (p < 0.001, Relative Resistance RR 1.39), respectively, while the doxorubicin (Adriamycin) IC50 values were found to be 1.3±0.064, and 4.77±1.05 µg/mL (p < 0.001, RR 3.67), respectively. The HepG-2/ADR cell-lines when tested in a combination of the aqueous-ethanolic extract with doxorubicin, a significant reversal in the doxorubicin’s IC50 value by 2.77 folds (p < 0.001, CI = 0.56) was noted as compared to the cytotoxicity test where the extract was absent. The mode of action for the reversal was determined to be synergistic in nature indicating the role of the aqueous-ethanolic extract.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Suaeda vermiculata Aqueous-Ethanolic Extract-Based Mitigation of CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats, and HepG-2 and HepG-2/ADR Cell-Lines-Based Cytotoxicity Evaluations

Mohammed

Khan

El-Readi

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…Thioacetamide (TAA), a hepatotoxin, used to induce hepatic failure and HE in experimental studies due to its efficacy in causing liver and brain disorders similar to human progressive hepatic disorders with brain involvement [14]. TAA undergoes metabolism by the cytochrome P450producing metabolite which in turn responsible for hyperammonemia, oxidative stress, and hepatic necrosis [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amelioration of Hepatic Encephalopathy Using Dunaliella salina Microalgae in Rats: Modulation of Hyperammonemia/TLR4

Baz

Elgohary

Salama

2021

BioMed Research International

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Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric disease that is developed as a complication of both acute and chronic liver failure affecting psychomotor dysfunction, memory, and concentration. This study is aimed at evaluating the therapeutic effects of Dunaliella salina (D. salina) microalgae in thioacetamide- (TAA-) induced HE in rats. HE was induced by TAA (200 mg/kg; i.p.) for three successive days. Forty male Wister albino rats were divided into 4 groups; the first group was served as a normal, and the second group was injected with TAA and served as TAA control. The third and fourth groups were administered D. salina (100 and 200 mg/kg; p.o.), respectively, after TAA injection for 7 days. The behavioral and biochemical markers as well as histological aspects of HE were estimated. This study revealed that TAA caused behavioral changes, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, nuclear pyknosis, and neurons degeneration. D. salina improved liver function and decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory mediator as TLR4 protein expression. Also, D. salina elevated HSP-25 and IGF-1 as well as improved brain histopathological alterations. In conclusion, D. salina exerted a therapeutic potential against HE via its antioxidant, antiinflammatory and cytoprotective effects.

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“…The scores obtained were abnormal for the 34.2% of the sample for the TMTs A. This finding is commonly described in patients with inflammatory-based encephalopathies 28,43 . The two MoCA subdomains included in this component that were less affected: Animal naming and Orientation.…”

Section: Componentmentioning

confidence: 50%

The Cognitive and Psychiatric Subacute Impairment in severe Covid-19.

Serrano-Castro

Garzón-Maldonado

Casado-Naranjo

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Neurologic impairment persisting months after acute severe SARS-CoV-2 infection has been described because of several pathogenic mechanisms, including persistent systemic inflammation. The objective of this study is to analyze the selective involvement of the different cognitive domains and the existence of related biomarkers. Methods: Cross-sectional multicentric study of patients who survived severe infection with SARS-CoV-2 consecutively recruited between 90 and 120 days after hospital discharge. All patients underwent an exhaustive study of cognitive functions as well as plasma determination of pro-inflammatory, neurotrophic factors and light-chain neurofilaments. A Principal Component Analysis extracted the main independent characteristics of the syndrome. Results: 152 patients were recruited. The results of our study preferential involvement of episodic and working memory, executive functions, and attention and relatively less affectation of other cortical functions. In addition, anxiety and depression pictures are constant in our cohort. Several plasma chemokines concentrations were elevated compared with both, a non-SARS-Cov2 infected cohort of neurological outpatients or a control healthy general population. Conclusion: Severe Covid-19 patients can develop an amnesic and dysexecutive syndrome with neuropsychiatric manifestations. We do not know if the deficits detected can persist in the long term and if this can trigger or accelerate the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.

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Hepatic encephalopathy: Lessons from preclinical studies

Cited by 9 publications

References 87 publications

Suaeda vermiculata Aqueous-Ethanolic Extract-Based Mitigation of CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats, and HepG-2 and HepG-2/ADR Cell-Lines-Based Cytotoxicity Evaluations

Suaeda vermiculata Aqueous-Ethanolic Extract-Based Mitigation of CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats, and HepG-2 and HepG-2/ADR Cell-Lines-Based Cytotoxicity Evaluations

Amelioration of Hepatic Encephalopathy Using Dunaliella salina Microalgae in Rats: Modulation of Hyperammonemia/TLR4

The Cognitive and Psychiatric Subacute Impairment in severe Covid-19.

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