Hepatic Fat Content Is Associated with Fasting-Induced Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Secretion in Mice Fed Soy Proteins

Abstract

Previous studies suggest that circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels are elevated in patients with fatty liver, while fasting-induced secretion of FGF21 is lower in obese patients. It has been reported that soy protein prevents hepatic fat accumulation and induces FGF21 secretion. The present study was designed to evaluate the response of circulating FGF21 levels to feeding and fasting in mice fed soy protein-rich diets. For this, C57BL/6J mice were distributed into control, high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS)-casein protein, HFHS-soy protein, and HFHS-b-conglycinin diet groups. Plasma samples were collected after 10 and 11 wk either in dark periods with feeding conditions or light periods under fasting conditions using a crossover design. After a 12-wk period of feeding, HFHS-induced hepatic fat accumulation was significantly reduced in the groups fed HFHS-soy protein and HFHS-b-conglycinin as compared to that in the HFHS-casein-fed group (p,0.05). Plasma FGF21 concentration was significantly higher in the dark/feeding periods in the HFHScasein group (p,0.05), while in the HFHS-b-conglycinin group it was higher in the light/ fasting periods (p,0.05). The amount of mesenteric fat was significantly lower in the HFHSb-conglycinin group than in the HFHS-casein and HFHS-soy protein groups (p,0.01). The fasting-induced FGF21 secretion was significantly and negatively correlated with hepatic fat content (p,0.05). The present study revealed that hepatic fat accumulation was associated with lower fasting-induced FGF21 secretion, which was regulated better by dietary intake of soy protein. These results support the preventive effects of soy protein on central obesity.

Association of serum fibroblast growth factor 21 with diabetic complications and insulin dose in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

“…Moreover, blood samples were collected in clinical practice, which did not examine effects of consumption or skipping of breakfast in patients. It has been reported that FGF21 secretion is induced by nutrients such as low protein diet [ 32 ], fructose [ 33 ], soy protein [ 34 , 35 ]; hence, there is a possibility that this nutrient intake affects circulating FGF21 levels in this study. It is necessary to examine the extent to which these nutrients induce FGF21 secretion in T1DM patients.…”

FOXO1 cooperates with C/EBPδ and ATF4 to regulate skeletal muscle atrophy transcriptional program during fasting

“…Highfat diets (4.6 kcal/g, soy protein 200 g, sucrose 396 g, lard 155.1 g, cellulose 50 g, calcium carbonate 5.5 g, L-cystine 3 g, soybean oil 25 g, dicalcium phosphate 13 g, mineral mix S10026 10 g, potassium citrate monohydrate 16.5 g, vitamin mix V10001 10 g, and choline bitartrate 2 g) were purchased from Research Diets (NJ). 35…”

“…Oxygen consumption (VO 2 ), respiratory exchange ratio (the ratio of the volume of CO 2 produced to the volume of O 2 consumed), carbohydrate oxidation, lipid oxidation, and energy expenditure were determined using a gas analysis system as previously described. 34,35 Respiratory exchange ratio values approaching 0.7 are indicative of exclusive fat utilization, whereas exclusive carbohydrate utilization is represented by values close to 1.0. At 72 h after commencement of measurements, mice were subjected to a 30 h fast, and subsequently refed with soy protein-based high-fat diets (40% of calories from sucrose, 40% from fat, and 20% from protein).…”

Effects of beta-conglycinin intake on circulating FGF21 levels and brown adipose tissue activity in Japanese young men: a single intake study and a randomized controlled trial

“…In a previous study, single ingestion of beta-conglycinin, a protein isolated from soy beans, induced postprandial FGF21 secretion in mice [ 22 ]. Furthermore, long-term beta-conglycinin intake suppressed high resting level of circulating FGF21, induced adipose tissue thermogenesis, and prevented body fat accumulation in mice fed high fat diets [ 22 , 23 ]. In addition, interventional human studies have demonstrated that beta-conglycinin intake improves metabolic disorders including dyslipidemia [ 24 ] and visceral fat obesity [ 25 ].…”