The adequate treatment of non-resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer which are resistant to systemic chemotherapy currently provides a great challenge. The aim is to identify and review key strategies in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases. A search for current literature on the topic of interventional strategies for colorectal metastases was performed in Medline in order to achieve this goal. Studies before 2005 and with ,20 patients treated for colorectal metastases were excluded. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), transarterial embolization and selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) were identified as examples of regional strategies for colorectal liver metastases, utilizing the unique blood supply of the liver. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA) and cryoablation were selected as examples for currently available ablative techniques. Median survival in the key studies reviewed ranged from 7.7 to 28.6 for TACE, 8.3-12.6 for SIRT, 8.2-53.2 for RFA and 29-43 months for MWA. After review of the literature, it can be concluded that interventional oncologic therapies are a safe and effective method for treating colorectal liver metastases. The use of new chemotherapeutic agents for local therapy and new ablation technologies and techniques may increase patient survival and allows a neoadjuvant therapy setting. In addition, a combination of local therapies may be used to increase effectiveness in the future, which is subject to further research.
INTRODUCTIONColorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers that shows fatal progression.1 Colorectal carcinoma most commonly metastasises to the liver due to haematogenous spread.2 At the time of diagnosis, 20-30% of patients have liver metastases, and during the course of disease, up to 60% of patients develop hepatic metastases.3 Although surgical excision is the first-line treatment for colorectal metastases, only 10-25% of patients are candidates for surgical resection. 4 Neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy only allows 10-30% of patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases sufficient downsizing for resection.