Hepatic Uptake of Rectally Administered Butyrate Prevents an Increase in Systemic Butyrate Concentrations in Humans1–3

Beek, Christina M. van der; Bloemen, Johanne G.; Broek, Maartje A. van den; Lenaerts, Kaatje; Venema, Koen; Buurman, Wim A.; Dejong, Cornelis H. C.

doi:10.3945/jn.115.211193

Cited by 75 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…As such, our data demonstrated a novel interaction between chronic stress, host metabolism and SCFAs, even though more research into the mechanisms involved is warranted in order to understand the exact role of chronic stress in SCFA-host metabolism interactions. Finally, oral SCFA administration itself did not affect faecal SCFA levels, which is probably explained by the rapid uptake of SCFAs (Pouteau et al 2003;van der Beek et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐chain fatty acids: microbial metabolites that alleviate stress‐induced brain–gut axis alterations

Wouw

Boehme

Lyte

et al. 2018

The Journal of Physiology

543

309

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There is a growing recognition of the involvement of the gastrointestinal microbiota in the regulation of physiology and behaviour. Microbiota-derived metabolites play a central role in the communication between microbes and their host, with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) being perhaps the most studied. SCFAs are primarily derived from fermentation of dietary fibres and play a pivotal role in host gut, metabolic and immune function. All these factors have previously been demonstrated to be adversely affected by stress. Therefore, we sought to assess whether SCFA supplementation could counteract the enduring effects of chronic psychosocial stress. C57BL/6J male mice received oral supplementation of a mixture of the three principle SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate). One week later, mice underwent 3 weeks of repeated psychosocial stress, followed by a comprehensive behavioural analysis. Finally, plasma corticosterone, faecal SCFAs and caecal microbiota composition were assessed. SCFA treatment alleviated psychosocial stress-induced alterations in reward-seeking behaviour, and increased responsiveness to an acute stressor and in vivo intestinal permeability. In addition, SCFAs exhibited behavioural test-specific antidepressant and anxiolytic effects, which were not present when mice had also undergone psychosocial stress. Stress-induced increases in body weight gain, faecal SCFAs and the colonic gene expression of the SCFA receptors free fatty acid receptors 2 and 3 remained unaffected by SCFA supplementation. Moreover, there were no collateral effects on caecal microbiota composition. Taken together, these data show that SCFA supplementation alleviates selective and enduring alterations induced by repeated psychosocial stress and these data may inform future research into microbiota-targeted therapies for stress-related disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐chain fatty acids: microbial metabolites that alleviate stress‐induced brain–gut axis alterations

Wouw

Boehme

Lyte

et al. 2018

The Journal of Physiology

543

309

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Butyrate serves as a major energy source for colonic enterocytes and is largely metabolized within the epithelial mucosa (Clausen and Mortensen, 1995; Donohoe et al, 2012). Remaining butyrate is degraded in the liver (Bloemen et al, 2009; van der Beek et al, 2015). Propionate and acetate travel largely intact across the epithelium to the liver, where a substantial portion of propionate is degraded while acetate is released into systemic circulation (Bloemen et al, 2009; Morrison and Preston, 2016).…”

Section: Microbiome-associated Metabolites That Shape the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Holobiont: How Microbial Metabolites Affect Human Health and Shape the Immune System

2017

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SUMMARY The human gastrointestinal tract is populated by a diverse, highly mutualistic microbial flora, which is known as the microbiome. Disruptions to the microbiome have been shown to be associated with severe pathologies of the host including metabolic disease, cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Mood and behavior are also susceptible to alterations in the gut microbiota. A particularly striking example of the symbiotic effects of the microbiome is the immune system, whose cells depend critically on a diverse array of microbial metabolites for normal development and behavior. This includes metabolites that are produced by bacteria from dietary components; metabolites that are produced by the host and biochemically modified by gut bacteria; and metabolites that are synthesized de novo by gut microbes. In this review, we highlight the role of the intestinal microbiome in human metabolic and inflammatory diseases and focus in particular on the molecular mechanisms that govern the gut-immune axis.

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“…Table 3 shows the results of the several studies that have reported on the concentrations of SCFAs in the portal vein 4, 34–36) .…”

Section: Intestinal Bacterial Flora and Short Chain Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Short Chain Fatty Acids in Gut Microbiota Defensive Players for Inflammation and Atherosclerosis?

Ohira

Tsutsui

Fujioka

2017

J Atheroscler Thromb

393

261

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Intestinal flora (microbiota) have recently attracted attention among lipid and carbohydrate metabolism researchers. Microbiota metabolize resistant starches and dietary fibers through fermentation and decomposition, and provide short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to the host. The major SCFAs acetates, propionate and butyrate, have different production ratios and physiological activities. Several receptors for SCFAs have been identified as the G-protein coupled receptor 41/free fatty acid receptor 3 (GPR41/FFAR3), GPR43/FFAR2, GPR109A, and olfactory receptor 78, which are present in intestinal epithelial cells, immune cells, and adipocytes, despite their expression levels differing between tissues and cell types. Many studies have indicated that SCFAs exhibit a wide range of functions from immune regulation to metabolism in a variety of tissues and organs, and therefore have both a direct and indirect influence on our bodies. This review will focus on SCFAs, especially butyrate, and their effects on various inflammatory mechanisms including atherosclerosis. In the future, SCFAs may provide new insights into understanding the pathophysiology of chronic inflammation, metabolic disorders, and atherosclerosis, and we can expect the development of novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases.

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Hepatic Uptake of Rectally Administered Butyrate Prevents an Increase in Systemic Butyrate Concentrations in Humans1–3

Abstract: After colonic butyrate administration, splanchnic butyrate release was prevented in patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery. These observations imply that therapeutic colonic SCFA administration at this dose is safe. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02271802.

Cited by 75 publications

References 39 publications

Short‐chain fatty acids: microbial metabolites that alleviate stress‐induced brain–gut axis alterations

Short‐chain fatty acids: microbial metabolites that alleviate stress‐induced brain–gut axis alterations

Understanding the Holobiont: How Microbial Metabolites Affect Human Health and Shape the Immune System

Are Short Chain Fatty Acids in Gut Microbiota Defensive Players for Inflammation and Atherosclerosis?

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