Hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccinations: immunogenicity of combined vaccine and of simultaneously or separately applied single vaccines

Comparative evaluation of the immunogenicity of combined hepatitis A and B vaccine by a prospective and retrospective trial

“…7,8,11,12 Thus the unexpectedly low protection rate in the above-mentioned pilot study in a single medical practice cannot be confirmed. The reason for the low protection rates found in that particular study unfortunately cannot be clarified.…”

“…[7][8][9][10][11] Often combined HAV/HBV vaccines were slightly more effective than their monovalent counterparts. 7,8,10,12 Besides other factors 13 an effect of age on the success of vaccination against hepatitis B has long been suspected, 14,15 whereas the effect of age on HAV seroprotection rates is not well documented.In a previous publication, we reported a failure of combined vaccination against hepatitis A and B in a cohort of more than 100 elderly individuals from a single medical practice that was enrolled in a retrospective survey. After completion of three doses of Twinrix ® under so-called every day conditions the subjects were recalled to give a fresh serum sample 1-36 month (average 16.8) and only 35% of all individuals developed antibodies against both viruses.…”

“…6 Previous studies on hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccination, although seldom carried out on elderly people, mostly showed a HAV protection rate of about 98% and a HBV protection rate of about 95%. [7][8][9][10][11] Often combined HAV/HBV vaccines were slightly more effective than their monovalent counterparts. 7,8,10,12 Besides other factors 13 an effect of age on the success of vaccination against hepatitis B has long been suspected, 14,15 whereas the effect of age on HAV seroprotection rates is not well documented.…”

Immunogenicity, effectiveness and safety of combined hepatitis A and B vaccine: a systematic literature review

“…After full vaccination, the rate of seropositivity for anti-HAV ranged from 96.2% to 100%, regardless of the schedule used or whether the study was done in adults or children (Tables 2-4) [11,12,14,[18][19][20][22][23][24][25][27][28][29][30]32,[34][35][36][37]. Two articles reported lower seropositivity rates at month 7.…”

“…After the third dose, the GMC ranged from 2747 to 8895 mIU/ml [11,12,14,19,20,[22][23][24][25][27][28][29][30]34,35], which is well above the seropositivity cut-off levels, inferring seroprotection. However, GMC decreased with increasing age and body mass index (BMI) [23,27,33] was lower in HCV-positive adults [12], and it was lower in smokers compared to nonsmokers [24,27].…”