Hepatitis A seroprevalence in adolescents and young adults in Mexico: A 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey analysis

López‐Gatell, Hugo; García-García, Lourdes; Echániz-Avilés, Gabriela; Cruz-Hervert, Luis Pablo; Olamendi-Portugal, María; Castañeda-Desales, Deyanira; Sánchez-Alemán, Miguel Ángel; Romero-Martínez, Martín; DeAntonio, Rodrigo; Cervantes-Apolinar, María Yolanda; Cortés-Alcalá, Ricardo; Alpuche-Aranda, Celia

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.037

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The sharp decline in the incidence of hepatitis A following HepA introduction is consistent with studies in China and other countries, such as Brazil (18) and Mexico, (19) that had an intermediate prevalence of hepatitis A disease when the HepA vaccine was introduced. The decline in annual incidence we observed was most significant among children under 10 years old, from 100 cases per 100,000 to less than 5 cases per 100,000.…”

Section: Study In the Context Of The Scientific Literaturesupporting

confidence: 83%

Changing Epidemiology of Hepatitis A in China: Evidence From Three National Serological Surveys and the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System

et al. 2020

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Background and Aims China has conducted surveillance for hepatitis A since 1990, and hepatitis A was highly‐to‐intermediately endemic in 1992 when a Chinese hepatitis A vaccine (HepA) was licensed and introduced as a family‐pay vaccine. In 2008, HepA was introduced into the Expanded Program on Immunization as a free childhood vaccine. Approach and Results Three nationally representative surveys conducted in 1992, 2006, and 2014 assessed hepatitis B serology. The 1992 survey included hepatitis A virus (HAV) serology, and we tested sera from the 2006 and 2014 surveys for HAV antibodies. We used surveillance, seroprevalence, and vaccination status data to describe the changing epidemiology of hepatitis A in China from 1990 through 2014. Before HepA licensure, anti‐HAV seroprevalence was 60% at 4 years of age, 70% at 10 years, and 90% at 59 years; incidence was 52/100,000 and peaked at 4 years. In 2006, after >10 years of private sector vaccination, HepA coverage was <30% among children <5 years, and incidence was 5.4/100,000 with a peak at 10 years. In 2014, coverage was >90% among children under 5 years; incidence was 1.9/100,000. Individuals born before the national introduction of HepA (1988‐2004) had lower anti‐HAV seroprevalence than earlier and later birth cohorts. Conclusions The incidence of hepatitis A declined markedly following HepA introduction and improvement of sanitation and hygiene. The emerging epidemiology is consistent with disease‐induced immunity having been replaced by vaccine‐induced immunity, resulting in a low incidence of hepatitis A. Catch‐up HepA campaigns to close the immunity gap among the 1998‐2004 birth cohorts should be considered.

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Section: Study In the Context Of The Scientific Literaturesupporting

confidence: 83%

Changing Epidemiology of Hepatitis A in China: Evidence From Three National Serological Surveys and the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System

et al. 2020

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“… 132 Prior to any widespread use of HAV vaccines, transitions from high toward intermediate or low endemicity have in the last 20–25 years also been observed from some Asia Pacific, 133 Latin American, 16 , 134 and Middle East & North African countries 135 and seem to start in some West African countries as well. 136 In large countries like India, 133 China, 22 Brazil, 137 and Mexico 138 important differences in endemicity levels still exist between regions within the country itself.…”

Section: Long-term Effects Of Vaccination On Hav Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A vaccination and its immunological and epidemiological long-term effects – a review of the evidence

Herzog

Herck

Damme

2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections continue to represent a significant disease burden causing approximately 200 million infections, 30 million symptomatic illnesses and 30,000 deaths each year. Effective and safe hepatitis A vaccines have been available since the early 1990s. Initially developed for individual prophylaxis, HAV vaccines are now increasingly used to control hepatitis A in endemic areas. The human enteral HAV is eradicable in principle, however, HAV eradication is currently not being pursued. Inactivated HAV vaccines are safe and, after two doses, elicit seroprotection in healthy children, adolescents, and young adults for an estimated 30-40 years, if not lifelong, with no need for a later second booster. The long-term effects of the single-dose live-attenuated HAV vaccines are less well documented but available data suggest they are safe and provide long-lasting immunity and protection. A universal mass vaccination strategy (UMV) based on two doses of inactivated vaccine is commonly implemented in endemic countries and eliminates clinical hepatitis A disease in toddlers within a few years. Consequently, older age groups also benefit due to the herd protection effects. Single-dose UMV programs have shown promising outcomes but need to be monitored for many more years in order to document an effective immune memory persistence. In non-endemic countries, prevention efforts need to focus on 'new' risk groups, such as men having sex with men, prisoners, the homeless, and families visiting friends and relatives in endemic countries. This narrative review presents the current evidence regarding the immunological and epidemiological long-term effects of the hepatitis A vaccination and finally discusses emerging issues and areas for research.

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“…However, those variables became non-significant in the multivariate regression model. Further two studies showed that high socioeconomic states had low risk of HAV infection [21,25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rural population may be protected due to their safe practices. In contrast, living in a rural area was identified as a risk factor for HAV in three studies [23][24][25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for viral hepatitis A infection in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka: an unmatched case control study

Ariyarathna¹,

Abeysena

2020

BMC Public Health

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Background: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is one of the commonest food and water borne infectious diseases. The objective of the study was to determine the risk factors of HAV infection in the Gampha District in Sri Lanka. Methods: This was an unmatched case control study conducted between January 2015 and November 2016 comprising of 504 participants with a case control ratio of 1:1. The study population included individuals of age 1 year and above who were permanent residents of the district. Cases included participants admitted to four secondary care state hospitals with an acute HAV diagnosed by detecting serum anti-HAV IgM antibodies. Controls were randomly selected individuals from the community with serum negative for Anti-HAV IgM and IgG. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used for the data collection and multiple logistic regression was applied to determine the independent risk factors. The results are expressed as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Risk factors for HAV infection were poor knowledge regarding hepatitis (AOR;3.98, 95% CI = 1.97-8.05), unhygienic sanitary practices (OR = 2.73; 95% CI = 1.42-5.23), unhygienic practices related to drinking water (OR = 2.67; 95% CI = 1.37-5.21), residing in urban areas (OR = 5.94; 95% CI = 2.98-11.86) and lower family income (OR = 2.83; 95% CI = 1.30-6.13). Conclusions: The independent modifiable risk factors for HAV infection were poor knowledge regarding hepatitis, unhygienic sanitary practices, and unhygienic practices related to drinking water. Community awareness must be raised on hygienic practices and safe water drinking practices. Inequities of social determinates of health must be addressed.

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Hepatitis A seroprevalence in adolescents and young adults in Mexico: A 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Changing Epidemiology of Hepatitis A in China: Evidence From Three National Serological Surveys and the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System

Changing Epidemiology of Hepatitis A in China: Evidence From Three National Serological Surveys and the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System

Hepatitis A vaccination and its immunological and epidemiological long-term effects – a review of the evidence

Risk factors for viral hepatitis A infection in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka: an unmatched case control study

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