Hepatitis A Virus: From Discovery to Vaccines

Martin, Annette; Lemon, Stanley M.

doi:10.1002/hep.21052

Cited by 266 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of the vaccine [25][26][27][28] and some authorities have recommended its universal implementation in certain populations [29] . Therefore, the recent decision by the Saudi Ministry of Health to introduce the HAV vaccine as part of the EPI program starting from 2008, to children of 18-24 mo of age is certainly timely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing patterns of hepatitis A prevalence within the Saudi population over the last 18 years

Faleh¹,

Shehri²,

Ansari³

et al. 2008

WJG

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0.0001). CONCLUSION: Over the last 18 years, there has been a marked decline in the prevalence of HAV in Saudi children and adolescents. The current low prevalence rates call for strict adherence to vaccination policies in high-risk patients and raises the question of a universal HAV vaccination program. INTRODUCTIONHepatitis A (HAV) is a major health problem worldwide and, like other enteric infectious diseases, is classically an infection of childhood. Although acute infection commonly passes unnoticed, a significant proportion of patients may have fulminant liver failure, especially patients with liver cirrhosis or immune deficiencies. Generally, its prevalence pattern varies from one population to the other and is closely related to the socioeconomic conditions of sanitation and hygiene. An improvement in sanitation and living standards in many areas of the world has caused the epidemiology of HAV to rapidly evolve. As such, with an improvement in living conditions, more clinical cases are being diagnosed owing to the increased age of those susceptible, which is paradoxical to childhood infection where the majority of infections are subclinical [1][2][3][4][5] . The availability of safe and efficacious vaccines against HAV has made it Abstract AIM: To determine the seroprevalence of Hepatitis A (HAV) amongst Saudi children and compare it with previously reported prevalence data from the same population. METHODS: A total of 1357 students were randomly selected between the ages of 16 and 18 years (689 males and 668 females) from three different regions of Saudi Arabia (Madinah, Al-Qaseem, and Aseer) and tested for anti-HAV-IgG. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of anti-HAV-IgG among the study population was 18.6%. There was no difference between males and females but there was a significant difference in the seroprevalence (P = 0.0001) between the three different regions, with Madinah region showing the highest prevalence (27.4%). When classified according to socioeconomic status, lower class students had a prevalence of 36.6%, lower middle class 16.6%, upper middle class 9.6%, and upper class 5.9% (P = 0.0001). Comparing the current study results with those of previous studies in 1989 and 1997 involving the same population, there was a marked reduction in the overall prevalence of HAV

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing patterns of hepatitis A prevalence within the Saudi population over the last 18 years

Faleh¹,

Shehri²,

Ansari³

et al. 2008

WJG

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hepatitis A virus is transmitted by the fecal to oral route and transmission is enhanced by contaminated food or drink. 3 Thus, the epidemiology of hepatitis A is associated with poor hygiene, accessibility to clean drinking water and socioeconomic status (SES). 4 In countries with high endemicity such as Africa, Central and South America, most inhabitants become infected early in life, and the infection remains asymptomatic or is not recognized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A and Associated Socioeconomic Factors in Young Healthy Korean Adults

Chung¹,

Yim²,

Kim³

et al. 2011

Gut Liver

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Background/Aims: An epidemiologic shift of hepatitis A virus (HAV) seroprevalence is expected due to an improvement in socioeconomic status in young adults in Korea. We investigated the age-specific seroprevalence and socioeconomic factors associated with HAV seropositivity in young, healthy Korean adults. Methods: Between March 2009 and February 2010, a total of 5,051 persons from 20 to 49 years of age presenting for a health check-up were included and responded to a questionaire. The seroprevalence of HAV was investigated by measuring immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-HAV. A total of 984 pairs of cases and age-and sex-matched controls were analyzed for associated socioeconomic factors. Results: The prevalence of seropositive HAV was 6.2% in the 20 to 29 age range, 33.1% in the 30 to 39 range and 82.4% in the 40 to 49 range (p<0.001). There were no signifi cant differences in any group according to gender. A multivariate analysis for paired cases indicated that HAV seropositivity was signifi cantly higher in the low monthly income (below fi ve million won, approximately 4,300 dollars) group and the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-positive group (odds ratio [OR], 1.65; 95% confi dence interval [CI], p<0.001; OR, 1.45; 95% CI, p<0.001, respectively). Conclusions: HAV seropositivity in young adults presenting for a health checkup appears to be decreasing, and the prevalence was signifi cantly higher in the low monthly income group and the H. pylori-positive group. (Gut Liver 2011;5:88-92)

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“…Since attempts to determine the atomic structure of HAV by x-ray crystallography have been unsuccessful and only medium resolution images were obtained by cryo-electron microscopy (Martin and Lemon, 2006), another element in the structural analysis that could be important is the evaluation of similarities in the physicochemical properties of non-homologous amino acid residues in the linear sequence. As an example, similarities in the size, polarity, net charge, or aliphatic character of residues between BA1-56 and segments 68 -83 of VP3 and with region 221-231 of VP1 (data not shown) were observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of hepatitis A virus mimotopes by phage display, antigenicity and immunogenicity

Larralde

Martínez

Camacho

et al. 2007

Journal of Virological Methods

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Hepatitis A Virus: From Discovery to Vaccines

Cited by 266 publications

References 48 publications

Changing patterns of hepatitis A prevalence within the Saudi population over the last 18 years

Changing patterns of hepatitis A prevalence within the Saudi population over the last 18 years

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A and Associated Socioeconomic Factors in Young Healthy Korean Adults

Identification of hepatitis A virus mimotopes by phage display, antigenicity and immunogenicity

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