SummaryWe investigated the prevalence of hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) and antibody (HBAb) in 293 prostitutes and in 379 pregnant women of similar age and of low socioeconomic level, who served as controls. HBAg was found in 4-4% of prostitutes and 3-4% of controls. The prevalence of HBAb was significantly higher (P <0 001) in prostitutes (56 7%) than in controls (24*5%). The prevalence of HBAb was clearly age-dependent in both groups. Evidence of hepatitis B virus infection significantly increased with the number of years in prostitution. The evidence of increased infection rates among prostitutes and their distribution support the hypothesis that hepatitis B infection is sexually transmitted.
IntroductionRecent studies suggest that hepatitis B may be transmitted by non-parenteral or at least inapparent routes (Cossart, 1971) and that sexual transmission may play an important role in the spread of the disease (Jeffries et al., 1973). Thus a high rate of infection might be expected among prostitutes. We therefore decided to test this hypothesis by studying the prevalence of hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) and antibody (HBAb) in prostitutes in Athens, where the incidence of hepatitis B virus infection is high (Papaevangelou et al., 1971). We report the results of the study in this paper.