Hepatitis B control in the World Health Organization's Western Pacific Region: Targets, strategies, status

Hennessey, Karen; Mendoza-Aldana, Jorge; Bayutas, Benjamin; Lorenzo-Mariano, Kayla Mae; Diorditsa, Sergey

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.082

Cited by 49 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It contains approximately 28 % of the global population, but is home to almost half of the world's HBV-infected individuals. Except Australia, Japan, and New Zealand, where prevalence is <2 %, most countries in this region have >8 % prevalence in their adult population [70,71]. The highest rates, up to 25-30 %, were shown before the introduction of vaccination in the small Pacific island nations [70,72].…”

Section: Western Pacificmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection

Papastergiou

Lombardi

MacDonald

et al. 2015

Curr Hepatology Rep

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Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a top health priority worldwide and a devastating cause of morbidity and mortality accounting for more than 600,000 deaths in 2013. It is mainly transmitted through percutaneous or mucosal contact with infected blood or other body fluids. In high-endemic settings, the commonest route of transmission is from infected mothers to neonates, whereas in areas of low endemicity the infection is mostly acquired during adolescence and early adulthood through high-risk behaviors. More than 350 million are chronically infected with HBV, ranging from <0.5 % in areas of low endemicity to above 8 % in highly-endemic countries, with hyperendemic foci in South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions. Expansion of national immunization programs with >80 % coverage globally has resulted in a steady decline in the prevalence of HBV. However, there are remaining threats to the successful eradication of HBV worldwide. We review available data on global epidemiology of HBV infection, also focusing on transmission modes by region and specific preventative measures instituted.

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Section: Western Pacificmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection

Papastergiou

Lombardi

MacDonald

et al. 2015

Curr Hepatology Rep

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“…HBV infection can be complicated by long-term carriage, chronic hepatic insufficiency, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [1]. Worldwide, about 350 million people are chronically infected with HBV, and the number of HBV-infected people continues to increase, with 4.5 million new infections every year [2,3]. In regions highly endemic for HBV, perinatal, child-to-child and parenteral transmission, blood transfusion, surgical interventions, dental extraction, and wet cupping are considered to be the main routes of HBV transmission [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serologic and molecular characteristics of hepatitis B virus infection in vaccinated schizophrenia patients in China

Wang

Yu²,

Zhou³

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Previous studies have indicated that the patients with psychiatric illness were at higher risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in schizophrenia patients remains unclear. Methodology: Between June 2014 and January 2015, 415 schizophrenia patients and 3,038 controls who had been routinely immunized as infants were recruited in the present study. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HBsAb, and HBV DNA were detected with commercial methods according to the manufacturer's protocol. A 600-bp region of the S gene (region nt236-nt835) was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The genotypes of isolated HBV were identified using phylogenetic analysis by the neighbor-joining algorithm in the software MEGA version 4.1. Results: The seroprevalence of HBsAg in schizophrenia patients was 6.75%, which was significantly higher than 3.32% measured in controls. HBsAg prevalence was 7.94% in male schizophrenia patients and 5.47% in female schizophrenia patients, while it was only 4.04% in males and 2.08% in females in the control group. The HBsAb seroprevalence rate was 58.31% in schizophrenia patients and 59.94% in nonschizophrenia controls. Moreover, one HBV strain in the schizophrenia group presented I126S vaccine escape mutation (5.88%), while three HBV isolates showed Q129H, M133L, and G145R vaccine escape mutations in the control group (6.81%). Conclusions: Schizophrenia patients are at higher risk for HBV infection, even those who had received routine immunization. Therefore, a booster HB vaccination targeted at schizophrenia patients should be considered in the future.

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“…1,2 The burden of disease is greatest among those living in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region (WPR), most of whom acquire the infection from perinatal or horizontal transmission occurring during the first 5 years of life. 3,4 To help combat this public health problem, the member states of the WPR committed to controlling chronic HBV infection, defined as a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroprevalence < 1% among children aged ≥ 5 years by 2017. 5 French Polynesia, a country in the WPR, has historically been considered endemic for hepatitis B; the WHO Regional Office of the Western Pacific has estimated that 3% of the population is HBsAg seropositive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage and Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Among Children in French Polynesia, 2014

Patel

Calvez

Wannemuehler

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. French Polynesia is considered to be moderately endemic for chronic hepatitis B virus infection, with an estimated 3% of the population having hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). From 1990 to 1992, a 3-dose hepatitis B vaccination series was introduced into the routine infant immunization schedule in French Polynesia, including a birth dose (BD). In 2014, a nationally representative 2-stage cluster survey was undertaken to evaluate the impact of the vaccination program on HBsAg prevalence among school children (∼6 years of age) in Cours Préparatoire (CP). Documented vaccination data were reviewed for all eligible children; children with consent were tested for HBsAg with a rapid point-of-care test. In total, 1,660 students were identified; 1,567 (94%) had vaccination data for review and 1,196 (72%) participated in the serosurvey. Three-dose vaccination coverage was 98%, while timely BD coverage, defined as a dose administered within 24 hours of life, was 89%. Receipt of the second and third doses was often delayed, with 75% and 55% receiving a second and third dose within 1 month of the recommended age, respectively. No children tested positive for HBsAg. French Polynesia's vaccination program has achieved high coverage and an HBsAg seroprevalence of 0% (0-0.5%) among CP school children, but timeliness of vaccination could be improved.

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Hepatitis B control in the World Health Organization's Western Pacific Region: Targets, strategies, status

Cited by 49 publications

References 27 publications

Global Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection

Global Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection

Serologic and molecular characteristics of hepatitis B virus infection in vaccinated schizophrenia patients in China

Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage and Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Among Children in French Polynesia, 2014

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