Hepatitis B immunization strategies: timing is everything

Mackie, Christopher; Buxton, Jane A.; Tadwalkar, Sayali; Patrick, David M.

doi:10.1503/cmaj.081112

Cited by 44 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Neonates of HBV 1 mothers have also been shown to have minimal or normal dendritic cell functions. [23][24][25] Furthermore, the efficacy of HBV vaccination within the first year of life in HBV 1 children [26][27] raises considerable doubt that the state of HBV immune tolerance and defects in T-B cell interactions, detected in murine models, 28,29 rep- The immune tolerant phase of chronic HBV infection A Bertoletti and PT Kennedy resent the inevitable consequence of HBV exposure in neonates and children.…”

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confidence: 99%

The immune tolerant phase of chronic HBV infection: new perspectives on an old concept

2014

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Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection progresses through distinct disease phases that are strongly associated with patient age. The so-called immune tolerant (IT) phase represents the classical early phase of infection; it is associated with high levels of HBV replication and lack of clinical signs of liver Inflammation. Whether this phase of HBV infection is also associated with immunological features of ''tolerance' has recently been challenged. Here, we review the data that dispute this concept of immune tolerance and then propose an alternative interpretation of the immunopathological events that take place during this early phase of CHB infection.

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confidence: 99%

The immune tolerant phase of chronic HBV infection: new perspectives on an old concept

2014

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“…In 2004, it was estimated that over 350 million people were chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus worldwide and at risk of serious illness and death (WHO, 2009a , 2009;and Mackie et al, 2009). In France, hepatitis B vaccination remains controversial, given ongoing speculation over possible side effects.…”

Section: Childhood Vaccination Programmesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Er fysisk aktivitet skadelig for barn?

Wold¹

2014

Tidsskriftet

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The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies.The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD.OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation's statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda. © OECD 2009You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to rights@oecd.org. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at info@copyright.com or the Centre français d'exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at contact@cfcopies.com. This book has... This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. The production of Health at a Glance would not have been possible without the contribution of OECD Health Data National Correspondents, Health Accounts Experts, and experts involved in the Health Care Quality Indicators project. The OECD gratefully acknowledges their effort to supply most of the data and qualitative information contained in this publication. The OECD also acknowledges the contribution of other international organisations, especially the World Health Organisation and Eurostat, for sharing some of the data presented here, and the European Commission for supporting data development work in the area of health accounts and quality of care indicators. This publication was prepared by a team from the OECD Health Division under the co-ordinati...

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“…The immunogenicity of the HBV vaccine is not 100%, and requires multiple dosing to achieve protective antibody levels (≥ 10 IU/L) (Mackie et al, 2009). The primary determinant of seroprotection is the age at which an individual is vaccinated.…”

Section: Hazard and Risk Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%