Hepatitis B infection in Eastern Indian families: Need for screening of adult siblings and mothers of adult index cases

Chakravarty, Runu; Chowdhury, Abhijit; Chaudhuri, Sujit; Santra, Amal; Neogi, M.G.; Rajendran, Karthick; Panda, Chinmoy Kumar; Chakravarty, Manoj

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2004.09.007

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, it is unclear whether, firstly, all of the children born to an HBsAgpositive woman before the era of immunisation would have become infected, and, secondly, whether all of the infected children in a household have acquired their infection from their mother. It has been reported that exposure to household contacts and horizontal transmission within the family setting could be an important factor for HBV infection in high endemicity areas [36][37][38][39][40][41], and our results would support this role of horizontal transmission within the family setting as an additional or contributory factor to vertical/perinatal transmission in the maintenance of HBV infection in the later generations, neonatal immunisation notwithstanding. Body fluids, including saliva, are potential sources of HBV transmission [42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Correlation between maternal hepatitis B surface antigen carrier status with social, medical and family factors in an endemic area: have we overlooked something?

et al. 2011

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Correlation between maternal hepatitis B surface antigen carrier status with social, medical and family factors in an endemic area: have we overlooked something?

et al. 2011

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“…This correlates with the association of HBV/D infection with a history of jaundice in family or childhood or intrafamilial transmission, an important mode of transmission in this community [60] . Interestingly, earlier HBV/D was detected solely among antenatal mother in this community, suggesting possible vertical mode of HBV/D transmission in this population [61] , while percutaneous injury (frequent injection, needle prick, ear piercing, use of unsterilized blades in a community barber's shop) was associated with HBV/A and HBV/C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Significance of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes, Core Promoter and Precore Mutations in Eastern India

Datta

Biswas²,

Chandra³

et al. 2008

Intervirology

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Objectives: This unmatched case-control study aimed at determining the molecular epidemiology and clinical significance of HBV genotypes, core promoter (CP) and precore (PC) mutations in Eastern India. Methods: Serological, biochemical and molecular assays were used to examine antigens, ALT, genotypes, mutations and viremia among 106 inactive carriers and 183 chronic liver disease (CLD) patients. Results: Male gender (p < 0.001), HBeAg positivity (p = 0.050), high ALT (p < 0.001), high viremia (p < 0.001), CP mutations (p < 0.001), and genotypes A (p < 0.001) and C (p = 0.027) were significantly associated with CLD. Subjects infected with genotypes A and C had significantly higher prevalence of BCP mutations (p < 0.001), and low incidence of PC mutation (p < 0.001 and p = 0.047, respectively). Prevalence of genotype D was significantly higher among subjects with history of familial/childhood jaundice, while genotypes A and C were frequent among subjects with possible percutaneous exposure. Conclusions: Significant differences in risk factors and disease manifestation do exist among patients infected with different HBV genotypes. Genotypes A and C are frequently found among chronic liver disease patients, while genotype D is associated with inactive HBeAg-negative infections. This evaluation of clinical relevance of HBV genotypes, mutations and risk factors may be useful in disease prognosis, management and prevention strategies.

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“…In the present study, the frequency of HBsAg among 1817 family members of HBsAg positive individuals was found as 19.3%, which is not similar to many other Iranian and non-Iranian reports. For instance, the frequency was reported as 22.2% in Babol (North of Iran) (11), 11% in Nahavand, 37.1% in Hamadan (12) (West of Iran) (4), 6% in Golestan province (North-east of Iran (13), 30.5% in Turkey (14), 16.6% in Israel (15), 19.4% in India (16), 21.1% in Brazil (3), and 18.8% in Greece (17). In our study sero-prevalence of infection in family members was almost four times greater than general population of Zahedan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-familial Transmission of Hepatitis B virus Infection in Zahedan

Hatami¹,

Salehi²,

Sanei³

et al. 2013

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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BackgroundThe household transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major health problem. The prevalence rate of this infection is reported about 11% to 57% among family members of HBsAg carriers.ObjectivesThis study was conducted to evaluate serological determinants of chronic hepatitis B infection, especially HBsAg positivity, among family members of asymptomatic HBsAg positive carriers in Zahedan (Southeast of Iran).Patients and MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, data were collected from the total number of 454 HBsAg positive cases and 1817 members of their family by trained interviewers and a validated questionnaire. In addition, blood samples were obtained and titrated to detect serologic markers of hepatitis B. All subjects were recruited following informed consent to the study.ResultsIn total, 454 chronic HBsAg carriers (66% male) with mean age of 36 ± 10 years and 1817 of their family members were included in the study. The prevalence rate of HBsAg and HBcAb positivity among household members were 19.3% (n = 351) and 51% (n = 573), respectively. The frequency of HBV markers was different by age groups. The highest prevalence rate of HBsAg (34.9%) and HBcAb (31.9%) positivity were found in the age group of 21-30 years old. Importantly, the mothers of index cases had the highest prevalence of HBsAg positivity compared to their spouses who had the lowest proportion (53.2% vs. 8.4%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn family members, HBsAg positivity was four times greater than the general indigenous population. Considering the importance of close contacts for transmission, it was more prevalent in mothers of index cases compared to their spouses, suggesting more efficient mother-to-child than sexually transmission of HBV. It was also more prevalent in those having a history of hepatitis B in their maternal family compared to those with paternal one, probably due to more efficient transmission from infected mothers to children. The lower prevalence of HBsAg positivity in lower age groups could be attributed to vaccination of Iranian infants since 1993 and the screening of HBsAg positive mothers during the last two decades.

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Hepatitis B infection in Eastern Indian families: Need for screening of adult siblings and mothers of adult index cases

Cited by 35 publications

References 21 publications

Correlation between maternal hepatitis B surface antigen carrier status with social, medical and family factors in an endemic area: have we overlooked something?

Correlation between maternal hepatitis B surface antigen carrier status with social, medical and family factors in an endemic area: have we overlooked something?

Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Significance of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes, Core Promoter and Precore Mutations in Eastern India

Intra-familial Transmission of Hepatitis B virus Infection in Zahedan

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