Hepatitis B vaccination: universal vaccination of newborn babies and children at 12 years of age versus high risk groups. A comparison in the field

Villa, G. Da; Picciottoc, L.; Elia, Sonja; Peluso, Fabio; Montanaro, Federica; Maisto, T.

doi:10.1016/0264-410x(95)00056-7

Cited by 38 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…If the program is maintained with the same strictness, it is estimated that by the year 2010 the carrier rate in children in Taiwan will have declined to <0.1% [12,15]. Similar results were reported for the Italian hepatitis B vaccination program [16,17] as well as by a survey of worldwide vaccination programs [18], emphasizing the importance of protecting newborns by vaccination against HBV to eliminate the prime source of chronic carriers.…”

Section: Hepatitis B: Geographic Distributionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Hepatitis B: Where Are We Today?

Eckert¹,

Struff

2006

Transfus Med Hemother

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Hepatitis B still is a major challenge of modern medicine. Here, we summarize the disease, the life cycle of the virus, the emergence of drug-resistant mutant strains and resulting consequences for new drug development. Hepatitis B has a worldwide prevalence of 0.1-20%. It occurs in an acute and a chronic phase. The acute phase is characterized by viral replication, onset of immune response leading to destruction of infected hepatocytes and, in most cases, viral clearance and lifelong immunity. Clinical symptoms are observed in this phase. The chronic phase is characterized by lifelong persistence of the virus, often without clinical symptoms but bearing the risk of hepatic cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Both phases are distinguished by detection of viral antigens and hepatitis B antibodies in the blood. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) shows several features unique for hepadnaviridae: i) formation of covalently closed-circle DNA (cccDNA) as template for viral DNA replication and synthesis of viral RNAs and ii) a reverse transcription step in the synthesis of new viral DNAs. These features are the prime targets in antiviral drug development. Unfortunately, with the exception of interferon, resistant mutant strains of HBV were found after widespread use of every new drug so far. Therefore, combination therapies aimed at different targets are being discussed so that the selective pressure can no longer be compensated by HBV. This paper is the first part of a trilogy concerning HBV which will also discuss the situation regarding transplantation (second part) and blood transfusion (third part).

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Section: Hepatitis B: Geographic Distributionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Hepatitis B: Where Are We Today?

Eckert¹,

Struff

2006

Transfus Med Hemother

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“…5 The remarkable effectiveness of universal infantile HB vaccination is well documented in many countries. [6][7][8][9] A significant reduction of HBV seroprevalence was recently reported in Egypt. 10 The frequency of HBV infection as a cause of symptomatic HB decreased from 43.4% in 1983 to 28.5% in 2002 and was largely attributed to the universal HB vaccination program.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody levels against hepatitis B virus after hepatitis B vaccination in Egyptian diabetic children and adolescents

Elrashidy¹,

Elbahrawy

El–Didamony³

et al. 2013

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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IntroductionHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global issue affecting 2 billion people in the world, with 360 million chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). 1 The prevalence of HBV is estimated to be 6.7% among the general population in Egypt. 2 Although it has been widely accepted that genotype D is the most prevalent among Egyptians, genotype C was recently detected Background: The remarkable effectiveness of universal infantile hepatitis B (HB) vaccination is well documented in many countries. Nevertheless, the influence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) on the sero-protective level of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) after HB vaccination has not been investigated in egyptian children. The aim of this study was to investigate long-term anti-HBs sero-protective levels after infantile HB vaccination in egyptian IDDM children.Results: The mean age of the healthy children was 10.86 ± 1.21 y (range, 5.5-15 y); 49 (45.8%) were boys and 58 (54.2%) were girls. The mean age of the IDDM children was 10.29 ± 3.04 y (range, 4-17 y); 32 (50.8%) were boys and 31 (49.2%) were girls. There were no significant differences between the healthy and IDDM children with respect to age and sex (p > 0.05). among the 107 healthy children, 43 (40%) did not have a protective anti-HBs level (anti-HBs < 10 IU/L) and 64 (60%) had a protective level (anti-HBs ≥ 10 IU/L). In contrast, among the IDDM children, 44 (69.8%) and 19 (30.2%) did not and did have protective anti-HBs levels, respectively. This difference in anti-HBs concentration between healthy and diabetic children was highly significant (p < 0.001). None of the vaccinated healthy or IDDM children was reactive to HBsag or total anti-HBc.Patients and Methods: a total of 170 children (81 boys, 89 girls) who had been routinely vaccinated against HB were included. Their mean age was 10 ± 2.1 y. The enrolled children were divided into healthy (n = 107) and IDDM (n = 63) cohorts. Body Mass Index and levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsag), total antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), and anti-HBs were evaluated in all children. In addition, the duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) and levels of glycated hemoglobin (Hba1c) were measured in IDDM children.Conclusion: Our results are alarming. It appears that the majority of egyptian diabetic children vaccinated against HB may not have sufficient anti-HBs levels to protect them from HB. Moreover, this study emphasizes the need for a population-based strategy for the management of patients without an anti-HBs protective level after HB vaccination and justifies the need to elucidate the heritability of those children.

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“…doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2011.06.012 tion in Taiwan, 4,8,[14][15][16][17] Italy, 18 Malaysia, 19 South Africa, 20 and Thailand. 21,22 However, few papers have investigated the relationship between HB seroprevalence and the risk of liver bio-functions responding to vaccine.…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%