Hepatitis B Virus Genetic Diversity: Disease Pathogenesis

Jayalakshmi, MariaKuttikan; Kalyanaraman, Narayanan; Pitchappan, Ramasamy

doi:10.5772/53818

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Abbreviations: HBcAg=hepatitis B core antigen. Reproduced, with permission, from Jayalakshmi and colleagues 128 HBsAg negative, anti-HBc positive patients Patients who are HBsAg negative but anti-HBc positive can also be considered for prophylactic nucleos(t) ide analog therapy, even though reactivation (reverse seroconversion) rates are lower than in HBsAg positive patients, ranging from 5% in patients receiving biologic agents to 20% in those receiving immunosuppression for stem cell transplantation.…”

Section: Outcomes Of Hbv Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of chronic hepatitis B infection

Sundaram

Kowdley

2015

BMJ

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health problem that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although HBV vaccination has reduced the prevalence Of HBV infection, the burden of disease remains high. Treatment with antiviral drugs reduces the risk of liver disease and the development of HCC, and it can even reverse liver fibrosis. However, challenges remain regarding optimal timing, as well as the modality and duration of treatment. Currently approved drugs include pegylated interferon and nucleos(t)ide analogs. Nucleos(t)ide analogs are better tolerated and provide excellent viral suppression with a low risk of antiviral resistance, but pegylated interferon offers the benefit of a finite duration of treatment. Monitoring of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels may help to predict the likelihood of response to treatment, particularly for pegylated interferon. Prolonged treatment is usually needed with oral antiviral agents, and relapse is common if treatment is discontinued. New treatments that result in sustained clearance of HBV DNA and the clearance of HBsAg are needed.

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Section: Outcomes Of Hbv Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of chronic hepatitis B infection

Sundaram

Kowdley

2015

BMJ

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“…Hepatitis B virus is externally enveloped and contains surface proteins that is HBsAg it play a major role in attachment with cell membrane to initiate infection in the form of inflammation of liver cells and liver cancer. Beneath the envelope there is viral capsid protein called as HBcAg, this protein is made up from 183 or 185 amino acids depending on the genotype of virus HBeAg is another protein antigen in the infected blood that also show that virus is remain show replication and active [7]. This anti-gene is also called as endogenous core anti-gene, this anti-gene is prepared by the gene C which is also codified for the HBcAg [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HBeAg is a non-particular secretary protein discovered by Magnius and Epmark in 1972, during after preparing of protein from pre-core gene than this protein are sent to endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex for processing. After processing they secreted to the serum, the function of this antigen is unsolved [7]. HBV infection is a global problem that may progress towards acute, fulminant or chronic hepatitis, hepato-cellular carcinoma and cirrhosis of the liver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection in TDPs of war against terrorism in North Waziristan, Pakistan

Zaman¹

2019

PAB

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Hepatitis B virus is the major cause of liver infection that includes hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis. Globally 350 million peoples have been suffered from chronic infection of Hepatitis B Virus. The current study was conducted with the main aim to determine the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Temporary Displaced Persons (TDPs) during army operation against terrorism in North Waziristan. Blood samples from 1837 TDPs were collected that were migrated to District Bannu. Blood samples were collected from both sexes (male & Female) having age range from 1-60 years. All the collected blood samples were first diagnosed with ICT method and then with ELISA method at the study places during the mentioned period. The assessed variables included gender, age and risk factors. Out of 1837 samples, 237 (12.90%) were found positive for HBsAg and were declaredpositive while the remaining 1600 (87.09%) were found negative. The collected samples were all processed through ELISA in which 249 (13.55%) samples were found to be positive for HBsAg while 1588 (86.44%) were found negative. Males (14.70%) were found to be more infected than females (11.67%) and similarly, high rate of infection (28%) was found in the old age peoples. HBV has been reported in the TDPs and population of the host district is at high risk. Diagnosis through ELISA is more accurate and sensitive than ICT method. Further proper screening and molecular diagnosis is needed in the area to control the dreadful disease.

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“…Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most frequent pathogen that infects humans and chimpanzees, causing acute and chronic hepatitis or liver inflammation . After initial infection with HBV, most patients successfully develop immunity to clear the infection (87–90%), but the rest become chronic HBV carriers . Patients who are infected with HBV as neonates or young children usually become chronically infected .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After initial infection with HBV, most patients successfully develop immunity to clear the infection (87–90%), but the rest become chronic HBV carriers . Patients who are infected with HBV as neonates or young children usually become chronically infected . Chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection progresses nonlinearly through three to four phases: the immune‐tolerant phase, the immune clearance or immunoactive phase, the nonreplicative inactive phase, and the possible reactivation phase .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical role of hepatitis B virus polymerase in cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and steatosis

Chung

Chen

et al. 2017

FEBS Open Bio

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Hepatitis B is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world; more than 350 million people are carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Chronic HBV infection (CHB) leads to liver diseases such as cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and steatosis. Despite its seriousness in terms of public health, the pathogenic mechanism of how CHB leads to liver diseases, especially cirrhosis and steatosis, remains unclear. We studied the role of HBV polymerase (HBp) reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in association with the pathogenesis of liver diseases in CHB by developing transgenic mice expressing HBp or the RT domain of HBp. Thorough pathological, serological, and histological analyses of the transgenic mice, as well as mechanistic studies, were conducted. All of the transgenic mice expressing RT in their livers developed early cirrhosis with steatosis by 18 months of age, and 10% developed HCC. The RT activity of HBp stimulates coordinated proapoptotic and proinflammatory responses involving the caspase‐9, caspase‐3, and caspase‐1 pathways that might lead to the development of cirrhosis, HCC, and steatosis. The animal model described here should prove useful for elucidating the molecular events in the CHB‐induced liver diseases.

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Hepatitis B Virus Genetic Diversity: Disease Pathogenesis

Cited by 6 publications

References 87 publications

Management of chronic hepatitis B infection

Management of chronic hepatitis B infection

Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection in TDPs of war against terrorism in North Waziristan, Pakistan

A critical role of hepatitis B virus polymerase in cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and steatosis

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