Hepatitis B virus genotypes A1, A2 and E in Cape Verde: Unequal distribution through the islands and association with human flows

Pina-Araujo, Isabel Inês M. de; Spitz, Natália; Soares, Caroline C.; Niel, Christian; Lago, Bárbara Vieira do; Gomes, Saint Clair

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192595

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…3) 20 . The "Asian-American" or "Cosmopolitan" clade comprises isolates from Asia, Somalia, Angola, Cape Verde, Caribbean islands, which also received African workforce in the past, and a restricted number of South American strains 17,[28][29][30] . This clade would have originated in the nineteenth century when African slaves were forced-exported from East Africa to Asia and Central and South America 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B: changes in epidemiological features of Afro-descendant communities in Central Brazil

Lima

Lago

Weis-Torres

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a concern in vulnerable populations. in a study performed by our team in 1999-2003 in two Afro-Brazilian communities, Furnas dos Dionísios (FD) and São Benedito (SB), high prevalence rates of HBV exposure (42.7% and 16.0%, respectively), high susceptibility to HBV (55.3% and 63.0%) and low HBV vaccination like profile rates (2.0% and 21.0%) were observed. In 2015-2016, we reassessed HBV epidemiological and molecular features in these two communities to verify the impact of health actions adopted in the last years. the prevalence rate of HBV exposure among the enrolled 331 subjects was 35.3% in FD and 21.8% in SB. HBV chronic infection (5.8% in FD, 4.9% in SB) remained high. The rate of HBV vaccination like profile increased from 10.7% to 43.5% (2.0% to 45.9% in FD, 21.0% to 39.5% in SB) while susceptible subjects declined from 58.9% to 26.3% (55.3% to 18.8% in FD, 63.0% to 38.7% in SB). Among 18 HBsAg positive samples, 13 were successfully sequenced (pre-S/S region). Phylogenetic analyses showed that all isolates belong to HBV subgenotype A1, clustering within the Asian-American clade. Despite the maintenance of high prevalence rate of HBV exposure over these 13 years of surveillance, significant improvements were observed, reinforcing the importance of facilitated HBV vaccination to difficult-to-access population to close gaps in prevention. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a major public health issue worldwide despite the availability of an effective vaccine and potent antiviral treatments 1-3. An estimated 2 billion people have been infected with HBV and 257 million people are chronic carriers of the virus. Serious complications of chronic HBV infection such as cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma accounted for 887 000 deaths in 2015 4,5. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is the main HBV clinical marker indicating acute or chronic infection and its prevalence is used to categorize HBV endemicity as low, intermediate low, intermediate high, or high 2,6. Even though Brazil is now a low endemic country, it has some areas with high HBV prevalence, especially in the Amazon basin, some counties of Southern Brazil and, isolated communities 7-9. In Brazil, HBV immunization was first implemented in 1989 for infants in the western area of the Amazonas State and since 1998 HBV vaccine has been incorporated into the immunization schedule for infants as a national policy 10. Nowadays, HBV vaccination is available to all individuals regardless of age or risk group, being considered satisfactory and effective, moving Brazil from moderate HBV endemicity to low-endemicity classification 7. Although Brazilian multi-center population-based studies have observed a decrease in HBV infection prevalence in the last decades, especially among children and young adults 10,11 , vaccination is still a challenge in difficult-to-access populations and therefore, observations cannot be extrapolated to rural or vulnerable populations 7 .

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B: changes in epidemiological features of Afro-descendant communities in Central Brazil

Lima

Lago

Weis-Torres

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Portugal seems to have imported most of the HBV/A1 strains from Brazil near the beginning of XX century, and then exported it to France, Italy, Netherlands, Germany and to Cape Verde, at this time still a Portuguese colony. In fact, the Portuguese role in exporting HBV/A1 into Cape Verde may explain why Cape Verdean HBV/A1 strains are more associated with the Asian-American clade, in particular with Brazilian strains, than with the African clade as should be expected (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…During the period of samples collection in this study, there was a higher foreign influx of migrants from Cape Verde into Portugal, followed by Brazil and then Ukraine (22). HBV genotypes A (A1 and A2) and E prevail in Cape Verde (23). HBV/A1 is also the predominant subgenotype in Brazil, while HBV/A2 is the second most predominant subgenotype (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A relevant role was also played by Portugal in spreading HBV/A2 outside of the European continent, mainly to Cape Verde between the beginning of the XIX and the middle of XX centuries. A2 strains from Cape Verde were previously described to group into a single cluster quite separate from the HBV/A2 strains of the other geographic regions (continental Africa, Asia, the Americas or Europe), with the exception of a strain from Poland (23), a European country to which Portugal also seemingly exported HBV/A2 via France.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phylogeography of hepatitis B: The role of Portugal in the early dissemination of HBV worldwide

Marcelino

Ezeonwumelu

Janeiro³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In Portugal, the genetic diversity, origin of HBV, and the Portuguese role in the dissemination of HBV worldwide were never investigated. In this work, we studied the epidemic history and transmission dynamics of HBV genotypes that are endemic in Portugal. HBV pol gene was sequenced from 130 patients followed in Lisbon. HBV genotype A (HBV/A) was the most prevalent (n=54, 41.5%), followed by D [HBV/D; (n=44, 33.8%)], and E [HBV/E; (n=32, 24.6%)]. Spatio-temporal evolutionary dynamics was reconstructed in BEAST using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, with a GTR nucleotide substitution model, an uncorrelated lognormal relaxed molecular clock model, a Bayesian skyline plot, and a continuous diffusion model. HBV/D4 was the first subgenotype to be introduced in Portugal around 1857 (HPD 95% 1699-1931) followed by HBV/D3 and A2 a few decades later. HBV/E and HBV/A1 were introduced in Portugal later, almost simultaneously. Our results also indicate a very important role of Portugal in the exportation of HBV/D4 and A2 to Brazil and Cape Verde, respectively, at the beginning of the XX century. This work clarifies the epidemiological history of HBV in Portugal and shows that Portugal had an important role in the global spread of this virus.

show abstract

“…This diversity of genotypes distribution is a result of population migrations, and several studies suggested that the current distribution of HBV genotypes/subgenotypes in Brazil is due to the migrations from Europe and Africa that occurred during the colonial period 6 , since A1 and D4 were probably introduced in South America by African slaves, who were the carriers of these subgenotypes 19 , 27 , whereas the introduction of A2, D2, and D3 was related to the European immigration 18 , 22 , 27 . On the other hand, the presence of HBV/F2a has been related to the presence of indigenous people, who live in the Northern region of the country 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B in the Northwestern region of Sao Paulo State: genotypes and resistance mutations

Meneghello

Soares

Silva

et al. 2021

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatitis B virus genotypes A1, A2 and E in Cape Verde: Unequal distribution through the islands and association with human flows

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Hepatitis B: changes in epidemiological features of Afro-descendant communities in Central Brazil

Hepatitis B: changes in epidemiological features of Afro-descendant communities in Central Brazil

Phylogeography of hepatitis B: The role of Portugal in the early dissemination of HBV worldwide

Hepatitis B in the Northwestern region of Sao Paulo State: genotypes and resistance mutations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About