Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection amongst children in Senegal: current prevalence and seroprotection level

Lô, Gora; Sow-Sall, Amina; Diop-Ndiaye, Halimatou; Ndiaye, Bara; Diouf, Niokhar Ndane; Daffé, Sokhna Moumi; Ndao, Babacar; Thiam, Moussa; Mbow, Moustapha; Soumboundou, Mamadou Bayo; Lemoine, Maud; Niang, Maguette Sylla; Ndiaye, O.; Boye, Cheikh Saad Bouh; Mboup, Souleymane; Touré-Kane, Ndeye Coumba

doi:10.11604/pamj.2019.32.140.14485

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In our study, the prevalence of HBsAg in infants under five in this study was low (< 2%). This finding was in accordance with the data from West African region where the HBV prevalence in infants was 0.5% in Côte d'Ivoire in 2001-2003 [23] and 1.1% in Senegal in 2016 [24]. This low prevalence in these studies could be explained by: i) the introduction of HBV immunization in the Expanded Programme on Immunization in the 2000s in West Africa; (ii) some of the mothers tested positive for HBV during pregnancy and their babies (49/101, 48.5%) received HBV immunization at birth in our study; (iii) the low proportion of women with HBV DNA level > 20,000 IU/mL.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of hepatitis B among childbearing women and infant born to HBV-positive mothers in Togo

et al. 2020

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Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a public health problem in Togo and transmission to the child occurs mainly during childbirth. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HBV among childbearing women and infants born to HBV positive mothers in Togo. Methods A national cross-sectional study was carried out in six cities in Togo in the six health regions in Togo. Mother-child pairs were recruited from immunization centers or pediatric wards in Lomé, Tsévié, Atakpamé, Sokodé, Kara and Dapaong in 2017. Women aged 18 and over with one child of at least 6 months old were included. A standardized questionnaire was used for data collection and HBV screening was performed using Determine® rapid tests. The prevalence of HBV, defined by a positive HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), was estimated in mothers and then in infants of mothers who were positive for HBsAg. Logistic regression model was performed to identify risk factors for HBsAg positivity in mothers. Results A total of 2105 mothers-pairs child were recruited. The median age of mothers and infants was 29 years, interquartile range (IQR) [25–33] and 2.1 years, IQR [1–3] respectively. About 35% of women were screened for HBV during antenatal care and 85% of infants received three doses of HBV immunization. Among mothers, the prevalence of HBV was 10.6, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) [9.4–12.0%], and 177 had detectable HBV viral load (> 10 IU/mL). Among mothers with positive HBsAg, three infants also had positive HBsAg, a prevalence of 1.3, 95% CI [0.2–3.8%]. In multivariable analysis, HIV-infection (aOR = 2.19; p = 0.018), having at least three pregnancies (aOR = 1.46; p = 0.025) and living in Tsévié (aOR = 0.31; p < 0.001) compared to those living in Lomé, were associated to HBV infection in mothers. Conclusion In this study, one out of 10 childbearing women were infected with HBV, but less than 2% of infant born to HBV positive mothers under 5 years’ old who received immunization under the Expanded Program on Immunization were infected. Improving antenatal screening and providing targeted interventions in babies could help eliminate HBV in Togo.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence of hepatitis B among childbearing women and infant born to HBV-positive mothers in Togo

et al. 2020

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“…(26) The low prevalence of HBsAg in children (i.e., 0-14 years old) reflects findings for hospitalized children in Dakar born after 2004 (0.2% and 1.1%). (15,16) However, the prevalence in those aged 0-4 years was below that in those aged 5 years estimated in a modeling study (1.6%; 95% CI, 1.5-1.8). (2) Our data suggest that the WHO's target of achieving <1% prevalence of HBsAg in children under 5 years of age by 2020 (18) was reached in the study area of Niakhar, probably thanks to the high coverage of the hepatitis B vaccination program in recent years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…( 12 , 13 , 14 ) Although two studies targeted children, both were conducted before 2016 in health care facilities in Dakar. ( 15 , 16 )…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B in Senegal: A Successful Infant Vaccination Program but Urgent Need to Scale Up Screening and Treatment (ANRS 12356 AmBASS survey)

et al. 2021

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Senegal introduced the infant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in 2004 and recently committed to eliminating hepatitis B by 2030. Updated epidemiological data are needed to provide information on the progress being made and to develop new interventions. We estimated the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in children and adults living in rural Senegal and assessed hepatitis B treatment eligibility. A cross‐sectional population‐based serosurvey of HBsAg was conducted in 2018‐2019 in a large sample (n = 3,118) of residents living in the Niakhar area (Fatick region, Senegal). Individuals positive for HBsAg subsequently underwent clinical and biological assessments. Data were weighted for age and sex and calibrated to be representative of the area’s population. Among the 3,118 participants, 206 were HBsAg positive (prevalence, 6.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.6‐8.1). Prevalence varied markedly according to age group in individuals aged 0‐4, 5‐14, 15‐34, and ≥35 years as follows: 0.0% (95% CI, 0.00‐0.01); 1.5% (95% CI, 0.0‐2.3); 12.4% (95% CI, 9.1‐15.6); and 8.8% (95% CI, 6.1‐11.5), respectively. Of those subsequently assessed, 50.9% (95% CI, 41.8‐60.0) had active HBV infection; 4 (2.9%; 95% CI, 0.9‐9.4) were eligible for hepatitis B treatment. Conclusion: In this first population‐based serosurvey targeting children and adults in rural Senegal, HBsAg prevalence was very low in the former, meeting the World Health Organization’s (WHO) < 1% HBsAg 2020 target; however, it was high in young adults (15‐34 years old) born before the HBV vaccine was introduced in 2004. To reach national and WHO hepatitis elimination goals, general population testing (particularly for adolescents and young adults), care, and treatment scale‐up need to be implemented.

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“…Similarly, among western Brazilian Amazon children aged 2 to 5 years (four doses, the first a monovalent given at birth and the remaining three pentavalent vaccines given at 2, 4 and 6 months, 10μg), 32% subjects had anti-HBs titer < 10 IU/L [ 27 ]. By contrast, 44% of Senegalese children vaccinated in infancy with a monovalent recombinant vaccine were seronegative, including 20.9% under the age of five, 66.3% of 5- to 10-year-olds and 59% of children above the age of 10 years [ 28 ]. On the other hand, a higher anti-HBs titer was found in Chinese adolescents aged 17–20 years who were vaccinated with the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived HB vaccine (HebB), 10 μg/mL at the age of 0, 1, 6 months, of whom only 25.5% had anti-HBs < 10 mIU/mL [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of relationship between 25-hydoxyvitamin D concentration and a titer of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen in children under 12 years of age

et al. 2022

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The effect of vitamin D levels on the response to the hepatitis B vaccine in childhood and the induced levels of antibodies against the hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) is not yet well understood. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between age, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and anti-HBs titer among children under 12 years old. Serum 25(OH)D concentration and anti-HBs titer were determined in 352 healthy Caucasian children with the average age of 4.2 (2.5; 6.3) years. All children were vaccinated with 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix-B, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals Limited) in infancy according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations. Only 14.5% of children had an optimal concentration of 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL and 71.9% children had a seroprotective anti-HBs titer ≥ 10 mIU/mL. Significant negative correlations were found between 25(OH)D, anti-HBs titer and age (r = –0.420, p = 0.000; r = –0.425, p = 0.000, respectively), and a weak positive correlation between 25(OH)D concentration and anti-HBs titer (r = 0.243, p = 0.000). Analysis of six clusters of children demonstrated that age is the main factor affecting anti-HBs titer. One third of children under 12 years of age had nonprotective anti-HBs titer < 10 mIU/mL and around 40% had vitamin D deficiency. We conclude that vitamin D status has no impact on anti-HBs titer in children vaccinated against hepatitis B virus in infancy. Age, so time since the receipt of the last dose of hepatitis B vaccine, is the main factor influencing a decline in anti-HBs titer.

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection amongst children in Senegal: current prevalence and seroprotection level

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Prevalence of hepatitis B among childbearing women and infant born to HBV-positive mothers in Togo

Prevalence of hepatitis B among childbearing women and infant born to HBV-positive mothers in Togo

Hepatitis B in Senegal: A Successful Infant Vaccination Program but Urgent Need to Scale Up Screening and Treatment (ANRS 12356 AmBASS survey)

Lack of relationship between 25-hydoxyvitamin D concentration and a titer of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen in children under 12 years of age

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