Hepatitis B virus infection and its associated factors among medical waste collectors at public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study

Mengiste, Degu Abate; Tolera, Abebe; Ayele, Behailu Hawulte; Tesfa, Tewodros

doi:10.1186/s12879-021-05918-x

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Similar study by by Al-Marrani and Al-Shamahy 14 found that HBV and HCV were detected in 8.2% and 1.03% of them respectively. Also, Mengiste et al, 1 documented that the HBsAg was 20.4% reported in eastern Ethiopia. Also, the HBsAg and anti-HCV, respectively, were detected at 1.3% and 0.7% in southern Ethiopia 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Medical waste handlers are high exposure to infectious agents throughout the waste collection, segregation, storage, transportation, and final removal of all types of waste that carry a high potential for infection 1 . Exposure of medical waste handlers to infectious agents is the most common problem worldwide that happens as a result of poor medical waste management practices in developing countries 2, 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commonly, medical waste handlers who are working in the collection, transportation, cleaning, and disposal of medical wastes are vulnerable to HBV, HCV, and HIV infection particularly in developing countries 14, 15 . According to previous reports, the medical waste handlers were infected by HBsAg (20.4%) in Ethiopia 1 , HBsAg (1.3%) and HCV (0.7%) in southern Ethiopia 16 , HBsAg (2.3%) and HCV (2.7%) in Tripoli, Libya 15 , 1.59% for HBsAg in Palestine 17 , 6.3% for HBV and 1% for HCV in Bangladesh 18 , and HIV (5%) in Africa 19 . A study conducted previously in Yemen on 388 public health center cleaners (PHCCs) by Al-Marrani and Al-Shamahy reported that HBV and HCV were detected in 32 (8.2%), and 4 (1.03%) of them respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence of the Viral Markers of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Hiv Among Medical Waste Handlers in Some Hospitals in Sana'a City- Yemen

Edrees

Alrahabi

et al. 2022

Univ J Pharm Res

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Background and Objective: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are highly contagious pathogens that threaten medical waste handlers who are highly exposed to these viruses due to the nature of their work. To date, little data is available on the prevalence of viral markers (HBV, HCV, and HIV) among medical waste handlers in Sana'a city, Yemen. Hence, this work was conducted to enhance knowledge of the prevalence of viral markers among medical waste handlers working in some hospitals in the capital, Sana'a. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted on 120 randomly selected medical waste handlers from January to June 2022. A pretested and designed questionnaire was used to collect the required data. Total 5mL of venous blood was collected. Then blood was tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV, as well as HIV antibody, were detected using a qualitative by rapid test cassette and positive results were confirmed by ELIZA technique. Results: The overall positive rates for HBsAg, anti-HCV, and HIV were 9.17%, 5.0%, and 0.0%, respectively, based on the rapid test. No significant differences were detected between socio-demographic characteristics and hepatitis B and HCV infection. High rates of hepatitis B and C infection were found in the age group ≥41 years (9.17%) and 21-30 years (8.77%), respectively. These two viruses have also been detected among married people with a history of acute infection between 7-9 times. There was a significant correlation between HBsAg positivity and history of blood transfusion as well as between HBsAg and anti-HCV positivity and history of hepatitis B vaccination. ELISA confirmed that the rate of HBsAg was 4.17% and anti-HCV was 2.5%. Conclusion: Appropriate training, immunization against HBV, and regular motivation of medical waste handlers on the practices of universal standard precautions are recommended to reduce transmission of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and HIV among medical waste handlers. Peer Review History: Received: 4 May 2022; Revised: 14 June; Accepted: 27 June, Available online: 15 July 2022 Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, drmmziqbal@gmail.com UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewers: Rusmir Baljic, Clinic for infectious diseases, Clinical center University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. rusmir.baljic@gmail.com Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, ahsndkyc@gmail.com Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye Dr. Jucimary Vieira dos Santos, Hemonorte Dalton Barbosa Cunha, Brazil, jucimaryvieira@yahoo.com.br Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, ahsndkyc@gmail.com Similar Articles: PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS, HEPATITIS B VIRUS, AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS, AMONG PATIENTS WITH HEPATIC JAUNDICE IN SANA’A CITY, YEMEN: A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY SERO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF HEPATITIS B, C, HIV AND TREPONEMA PALLIDUM AMONG BLOOD DONORS IN HODEIDA CITY- YEMEN EXPLOSION OF HEPATITIS B AND C VIRUSES AMONG HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS AS A RESULT OF HEMODIALYSIS CRISIS IN YEMEN

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence of the Viral Markers of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Hiv Among Medical Waste Handlers in Some Hospitals in Sana'a City- Yemen

Edrees

Alrahabi

et al. 2022

Univ J Pharm Res

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“…Also, mishaps from injection needles are quite common worldwide ( Liyew et al , 2020 ). Moreover, safe disposal challenges for sharps materials are a perennial problem in sub-Saharan Africa and increase the risk of transmission of infectious diseases ( Mengiste et al , 2021 ). While disposal requirements for RemovAid™ are not averted, the blade is not exposed like that of a scalpel and is not easily used for other purposes; in addition, a reusable product for sterilization is theoretically feasible, but would need to be investigated in a future study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of a well-palpable one-rod subdermal contraceptive implant using a dedicated hand-held device or standard technique: a randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial

et al. 2022

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STUDY QUESTION Is a mechanical hand-held device for removing a single-rod subdermal contraceptive implant safe for implant users? SUMMARY ANSWER In terms of safety, the device is non-inferior to the standard technique for implant removal. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY An easy-to-use device for removing a subdermal contraceptive implant may be helpful in settings where skilled providers are in short supply. Prior to this study, the only report on the world’s first hand-held, mechanical device with build-in incisor was a Swedish study using earlier versions of the product. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION From December 2019 to November 2020, we conducted a three-arm, open-label non-inferiority randomized trial involving 225 Ugandan women to assess safety (primary outcome) and measure implant removal efficacy (secondary outcomes) of a newly developed, hand-held device, compared to the standard removal technique. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We randomized participants desiring removal of their one-rod contraceptive implant in a 1:1:1 ratio: standard technique/lidocaine injection, new device/lidocaine patch or new device/lidocaine injection. For primary safety endpoints, we examined removal complications and grouped them according to severity. For secondary endpoints on efficacy, we defined three device outcomes: intact implant removed without additional tools (primary), implant removed allowing implant breakage, but without tools (secondary) and implant removed allowing implant breakage and non-scalpel tools (tertiary). We assessed provider feedback on the device and used chi-square tests for all comparisons. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We recruited 225 participants and randomly assigned (n = 75) to each group. For safety, no primary complications occurred in any treatment group, while only one secondary complication occurred in each treatment group (1%). Primary efficacy was 100% (standard technique), 85% (new device/lidocaine patch) and 73% (new device/lidocaine injection) (P < 0.0001). Secondary efficacy was 100% (standard technique), 92% (new device/lidocaine patch) and 79% (new device/lidocaine injection) (P < 0.0001). Tertiary efficacy was 100% (standard technique), 96% (new device/lidocaine patch) and 91% (new device/lidocaine injection) (P = 0.017). Unsuccessful removals with the new device did not hinder subsequent implant extractions with standard back-up tools. In over 90% of the 150 device procedures, providers agreed or strongly agreed that the product is an acceptable alternative to standard removal technique. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We tested a new removal device in the hands of Ugandan nurses who were adept at standard removal techniques; our estimates of removal efficacy may not apply to lower-level providers who arguably may be the prime beneficiaries of this technology. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The study was conducted in a region of the world where the new device could be used to expand access to implant removal services. Intended beneficiaries of the new product are implant users who cannot easily find skilled providers for traditional scalpel-dependent removals and/or users who are intimidated by scalpel procedures, and lower-level providers who can be trained to help deliver services to meet a growing demand. The new device is a safe, acceptable alternative; efficacy was high, but not on par with standard technique. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Funding for this study was provided by the RemovAid AS of Norway with grants from Research Council of Norway (GLOBVAC number 228319), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (grant INV-007571) and SkatteFUNN. M.B. is founder and former CEO of RemovAid AS, Norway. M.B. holds contraceptive rod remover patents (2012 1307156.8 and 2015), pre-removal test (filed) and shares in RemovAid AS. All of the remaining authors’ institutions received payments in the form of contracts to help conduct the study; the funds for these contracts emanated from RemovAid AS. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04120337 TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 9 October 2019 DATE OF FIRST PATIENT’S ENROLMENT 23 December 2019

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“… 20 Related research conducted in public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia, where 20% of the study participants had HBV infection, provided support for this conclusion. 21 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Evidence and Associated Factors of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Among Waste Handlers: A Cross-Sectional Study from Northeastern Ethiopia

Ayele¹,

Gebretsadik²,

Demsiss³

2023

IDR

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Background The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified viral hepatitis, caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), as one of the main global public health issues. People who work in the collection of waste materials, from either household or medical environments, are at greatest risk. Objective To determine the prevalence of and factors associated with HBV and HCV among medical and domestic waste handlers in Northeast Ethiopia. Methods A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2021 at selected healthcare facilities and municipal settings in Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia. The sample size was determined using a double population proportion formula, and a simple random sampling technique was employed to select 70 individuals in the medical waste handlers (MWHs) group and 206 in the domestic waste handlers (DWHs) group. Five milliliters of venous blood was collected from each participant and tested for HBV and HCV using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23; the prevalence was computed, Fisher’s exact test was used, and logistic regression was applied. Results A total of 276 study participants were enrolled and the overall seroprevalence of hepatitis virus was 5.1%. The seroprevalence of HBV infection among MWHs and DWHs was 8.6% and 1.9%, respectively. The overall seroprevalence of HCV infections among MWHs and DWHs was 4.3% and 0.5%, respectively. Medical waste handling, having a history of needle stick injury, and not using personal protective equipment were factors significantly associated with HBV infection. Conclusion The overall seroprevalence of viral hepatitis was high. The prevalence of HBV infection among MWHs was in line with the high endemicity classification of the WHO, and there was a significant difference in prevalence between DWHs and MWHs. Both groups of waste handlers should receive proper attention to protect them from HBV and HCV infection.

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Hepatitis B virus infection and its associated factors among medical waste collectors at public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study

Cited by 9 publications

References 38 publications

Seroprevalence of the Viral Markers of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Hiv Among Medical Waste Handlers in Some Hospitals in Sana'a City- Yemen

Seroprevalence of the Viral Markers of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Hiv Among Medical Waste Handlers in Some Hospitals in Sana'a City- Yemen

Removal of a well-palpable one-rod subdermal contraceptive implant using a dedicated hand-held device or standard technique: a randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial

Serological Evidence and Associated Factors of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Among Waste Handlers: A Cross-Sectional Study from Northeastern Ethiopia

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