Hepatitis B virus infection in upper and lower Egypt

Sherif, M. M.; Abou-Aita, Badawy A. S.; Abou-Elew, Mohamed H.; el-Kafrawi, A O

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890150205

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Similar to other African countries [Greenfield et al, 1986;Windsor et al, 1984;Said et al, 1985;Gebreselassie, 1984;Coursaget et al, 1984;Ahmed et al, 1984;Werner et al, 1985;Sebastiani et al, 1985;Sherif, 1985;Khalfa and Ardjoun, 1984;Henriksen, 1984;Bowry, 1983;Prozesky et al, 1983;Gebreselassie, 1983a;Bowry, 19831 prevalence of hepatitis B markers is high among Ethiopians: by the age of 20 over 70% of the healthy young men are already positive to at least one marker, indicating that most of the infections occur at an earlier age. This feature of a common infection occurring early in life explains the high rate of liver cirrhosis and primary liver carcinoma observed in Ethiopia [Health Manpower Study: "Ethiopia"; The Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 1980; Lester and Tsega, 19761.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Ethiopian national hepatitis B study

H¹,

Rapicetta

Rossi

et al. 1988

Journal of Medical Virology

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A nationwide seroepidemiological study of hepatitis B markers prevalence was conducted in Ethiopia on 5,270 young males from all regions of the country. Overall prevalence rates were 10.8% for HBsAg and 73.3% for "at least one marker positive"; a remarkable geographical and ethnic variability of marker prevalence was observed, reflecting the wide differences existing in Ethiopia in sociocultural environment and activities such as tribal practices and traditional surgery. Sexual practices and medical exposure also play some role as determinants of hepatitis B marker prevalence in Ethiopia. General preventive measures, with particular reference to health education, by affecting incriminating habits and practices could have some impact on infection rates in Ethiopia, in the absence of a vaccination strategy presently unrealistic in this region of the world.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Ethiopian national hepatitis B study

H¹,

Rapicetta

Rossi

et al. 1988

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…However, low-intermediate (2-4 %) prevalence of HBV has been reported in North Africa and Middle Eastern region across all age groups in 2005 [11••]. In a study published in 1985, prevalence of HBsAg among residents of two Egyptian provinces was as high as 10.1 % with anti-HBc found in 88 % [37]. More recent data suggests intermediate endemicity levels [38,39], and even low (<2 %) prevalence has been reported among blood donors [40,41].…”

Section: Eastern Mediterraneanmentioning

confidence: 95%

Global Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection

Papastergiou

Lombardi

MacDonald

et al. 2015

Curr Hepatology Rep

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Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a top health priority worldwide and a devastating cause of morbidity and mortality accounting for more than 600,000 deaths in 2013. It is mainly transmitted through percutaneous or mucosal contact with infected blood or other body fluids. In high-endemic settings, the commonest route of transmission is from infected mothers to neonates, whereas in areas of low endemicity the infection is mostly acquired during adolescence and early adulthood through high-risk behaviors. More than 350 million are chronically infected with HBV, ranging from <0.5 % in areas of low endemicity to above 8 % in highly-endemic countries, with hyperendemic foci in South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions. Expansion of national immunization programs with >80 % coverage globally has resulted in a steady decline in the prevalence of HBV. However, there are remaining threats to the successful eradication of HBV worldwide. We review available data on global epidemiology of HBV infection, also focusing on transmission modes by region and specific preventative measures instituted.

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“…Previous studies reported that the seroprevalence of anti-HBs antibodies among the Egyptian adult population due to past asymptomatic infection ranges from 30% to 60%. [24][25][26][27][28] Literature contains very limited data on the safety of long-acting progestin-only methods among women with serological markers of past hepatitis BV infection. Among our women it was found that those with clinical and biochemical evidence of cure from clinical viral hepatitis B and C were still having some residual abnormalities in liver cells that adversely interacted with Norplant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Uniplant on Liver Function in Egyptian Women with Asymptomatic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Shaamsh¹,

Salem

Shaaban

et al. 2005

African Journal of Reproductive Health

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Uniplant is a single 35mm contraceptive implant releasing nomegestrol acetate with an effective life span of one year. This study was undertaken to evaluate the possible effects of three-year use of uniplant on some liver enzymes (SGPT, SGOT and GGT) in Egyptian women and to evaluate whether the past asymptomatic hepatitis B virus infection would predispose to any changes in these enzymes. This is an uncontrolled prospective study including 187 women of reproductive age who desired contraception for three years (three segments each year). They were apparently healthy on clinical assessment with no history of jaundice or liver diseases. They also had normal levels of liver function enzymes (SGPT, SGOT & GGT). Fasting blood samples were drawn at admission for assessing the levels of these liver enzymes and to detect anti-HBS antibodies as a marker of past asymptomatic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) and HBS antigen to diagnose the chronic carrier state. The liver enzymes were measured at 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th, 30th and 36th month of use, and 3-6 months after implant removal. Out of 187 subjects enrolled 159, 83 and 33 women completed one, two and three years of Uniplant use respectively. The mean levels of SGPT, SGOT and GGT showed slight but significant elevations at the end of the first and second years of use compared to the pre-insertion levels. By the end of the third year, the elevated mean values of all enzymes gradually decreased to approach the pre-insertion levels without any significant differences. The percentage of anti-HBS antibodies positive titre due to past asymptomatic infection was 23.3% (n = 41) while HBsAg positive antigenaemia (i.e., carrier state) was 3.4% (n = 6). In both groups of women -anti-HBS antibodies positive (n = 41) without antigenaemia and anti-HBS antibodies negative (n = 129) -the changes in the mean levels of all enzymes during uniplant use were closely similar without any statistical significance. These results demonstrated that: (1) uniplant induced slight but significant elevations in the mean levels of SGPT, SGOT and GGT; these elevations were within the normal ranges, completely reversible and of doubtful clinical significance. (2) The non-carrier women who had been exposed to past asymptomatic HBV infection showed no significant effects on the studied liver enzymes compared to the normal women during long-term use of Uniplant.

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Hepatitis B virus infection in upper and lower Egypt

Cited by 38 publications

References 3 publications

Ethiopian national hepatitis B study

Ethiopian national hepatitis B study

Global Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection

Effect of Uniplant on Liver Function in Egyptian Women with Asymptomatic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

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