Hepatitis C

Cheney, Catherine; Chopra, Sanjiv; Graham, Camilla S.

doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70125-2

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 228 publications

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“…In Uruguay, commercial sex work is regulated by law and CSWs are registered and controlled on a regular basis in accordance with the policies of the MOH and Department of Interior, under supervision of government authorities (Law 8080 in 1895, modified by decree number 10, MOH, July 22,1932). However, it is well recognized that unregistered CSWs exist, thus, making it difficult for MOH authorities to accurately estimate the population at risk or reliable rates of STIs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 In comparison, the seroprevalence of antibodies to HCV in blood donors in Uruguay is only 0.3%, 24 which approximates rates of antibodies to HCV in developed countries. 22 Specific vulnerable populations with high HCV infection rates have been reported and include patients undergoing renal dialysis, hemophiliacs, HIV-infected individuals, and intravenous drug users (Cardozo A and others, unpublished data). 23 Our study illustrates that male transvestite CSWs in Uruguay have a high risk of infection with HBV and HIV, and to a lesser degree with HCV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infections Among Male Transvestite Comercial Sex Workers in Montevideo, Uruguay

Russi¹,

Serra²,

Viñoles³

et al. 2003

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Prostitution may constitute a risk behavior for infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We conducted a seroepidemiologic study among 200 male transvestite commercial sex workers (CSWs) in Montevideo, Uruguay in 1999. Evidence of exposure to HBV, HCV, and HIV was found in 101 (50.5%), 13 (6.5%), and 43 (21.5%) individuals, respectively. Positivity for HIV was correlated with both HBV (odds ratio [OR] ‫ס‬ 2.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] ‫ס‬ 1.01−4.67) and HCV (OR ‫ס‬ 3.47, 95% CI ‫ס‬ 0.90−12.79) infection. Predictors of infection were older age (Ն 26 years; P < 0.01) for all 3 viruses and time in CSW (Ն5 years; P < 0.05) for HBV and HIV. Prior history of use of drugs (OR ‫ס‬ 3.54, 95% CI ‫ס‬ 1.09−11.52) and sexual contact with foreigners (OR ‫ס‬ 9.2, 95% CI ‫ס‬ 1.16−73.12) were found to be associated only with HCV infection. Sexual transmission of these viruses constitutes a significant problem among male transvestite CSWs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infections Among Male Transvestite Comercial Sex Workers in Montevideo, Uruguay

Russi¹,

Serra²,

Viñoles³

et al. 2003

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…The prevalence of chronic HCV infection among different groups of immunosuppressed patients is high (Table 1). The disease in immunosuppressed hosts is typically severe with an unusually rapid progression to cirrhosis (Table 1) (5–12).…”

Section: Prevalence Of Hepatitis C Virus (Hcv) Infection and Time To mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathogenesis of hepatitis C virus in the immunosuppressed host

Einav¹,

Koziel²,

Kozieł

2002

Transplant Infectious Dis

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The prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among various groups of immunosuppressed patients is high. These groups include patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), recipients of organ transplants, and those with hypogammaglobulinemia. The liver disease in the immunosuppressed host is typically severe with an unusually rapid progression to cirrhosis. This is somewhat paradoxical, as the classical model for HCV-induced liver disease assumes that cell-mediated immune responses induce liver injury. It is likely that a combination of viral-related factors and host-related factors plays a role in this accelerated natural history of HCV. Data are accumulating in immunocompromised hosts that address the immunopathogenesis of liver injury, although there are still fundamental gaps in our understanding of this process. In this review, we will focus on our current understanding of the mechanisms of liver injury and how it relates to the accelerated liver disease progression in immunocompromised hosts.

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“…Ribavirin is an immunomodulatory compound that inhibits viral DNA and RNA. When used alone it has no affect on hepatitis C viral replication (5) . However, when combined with interferon, viral and biochemical response is sustained, when compared to the stand-alone use of interferon alpha (6) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ophthalmologic findings in hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated interferon α-2b and ribavirin

Novelli¹,

Przysiezny²,

Rosa³

et al. 2014

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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Purpose: To identify the effect of pegylated interferon α-2b and ribavirin treatment in the ocular fundus examination, visual acuity, and visual field. Methods: Prospective observational study was performed at the Hepatology Clinic of São José Regional Hospital and at the Vitreoretinal Department at the Sadalla Amin Ghanem Eye Hospital in patients with chronic hepatitis C before and during treatment with pegylated interferon α-2b together with ribavirin. Results: Six (37.5%) of 16 patients developed retinopathy during the treatment, two of which (12.5%) presented retinal hemorrhage, and four patients (6 eyes) presented cotton-wool spots (25%) that regressed during the treatment. One patient (6.25%) presented transient decrease in visual acuity during the treatment and recovered spontaneously without specific therapy. Conclusion: Recommended treatment methods for hepatitis C may cause transient retinopathy, commonly without any damage to visual function in most patients. Although ocular involvement is rare, follow-up with an ophthalmologist is recommended during the course of the hepatitis C medication.

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Hepatitis C

Cited by 22 publications

References 228 publications

Sexual Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infections Among Male Transvestite Comercial Sex Workers in Montevideo, Uruguay

Sexual Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infections Among Male Transvestite Comercial Sex Workers in Montevideo, Uruguay

Immunopathogenesis of hepatitis C virus in the immunosuppressed host

Ophthalmologic findings in hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated interferon α-2b and ribavirin

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