Hepatitis C in Developing Countries in Southeast Asia

Doan, Thi Q.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803233-6.00009-6

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It is estimated that globally 71 million people are living with chronic HCV infection, and about 400,000 succumb to this infection annually [1]. The burden of HCV infection is enormous in low and middle-income countries from the Southeast Asian region [2]. India alone is estimated to have about 6 million individuals living with chronic HCV infection, most of whom are unaware of their infection status [1, 3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of five rapid diagnostic tests for detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV): A step towards scale-up of HCV screening efforts in India

Mane

Sacks²,

Sharma³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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ObjectivesHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early detection and curative treatment of HCV can reduce the risk of liver-related mortality and serve to prevent transmission of new infections. India is estimated to have about six million HCV infected individuals, most of whom are unaware of their infection status. Rapid diagnostic test kits (RDTs) could help identify HCV infected persons more expeditiously and thus availability of high performing, quality-assured RDTs is essential to scale-up HCV screening efforts. The present study was thus undertaken to evaluate the performance characteristics of five anti-HCV RDTs.MethodsFive anti-HCV RDTs (Alere Truline, Flaviscreen, Advanced Quality, SD Bioline and OraQuick) were evaluated using two panels of known anti-HCV positive and negative samples; one characterized from Indian patient samples (n = 360) and other obtained from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta (n = 100). Sensitivity, specificity, inter-observer agreement, test validity and operational characteristics of RDTs were assessed.ResultsThe combined sensitivities across both panels for Alere Truline, Flaviscreen, Advanced Quality, SD Bioline and OraQuick RDTs were 99.4% (95%CI-96.6%-99.9%), 86.2% (95%CI-79.8%-91.1%), 96.2% (95%CI-91.9%-98.6%), 99.4% (95%CI-96.6%-99.9%) and 99.4% (95%CI-96.6%-99.9%) respectively. The overall specificities across both panels for all RDTs were 99.7%. The inter-observer agreement was 100% for Alere Truline, SD Bioline and OraQuick, while it was 99.5% and 98.6% with Advanced Quality and Flavicheck respectively. Discordant results were significantly associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity for both Advanced Quality and Flavicheck (p<0.001).ConclusionThe present evaluation demonstrated that Alere Truline, SD Bioline and OraQuick RDTs had sensitivity and specificity in accordance with the acceptance criteria of the Drug Controller General, India, the national regulatory authority, had excellent inter-observer agreement and superior operational characteristics. Our findings suggest that certain HCV RDTs perform well and can be a useful tool in screening of HCV infections expeditiously.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of five rapid diagnostic tests for detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV): A step towards scale-up of HCV screening efforts in India

Mane

Sacks²,

Sharma³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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“…With reference to a systematic review and meta‐analysis, the HCV seroprevalence among HIV‐positive MSM, based on ten included studies in Australia, China, Japan and Taiwan, averaged 9.42% (range: 1.2% to 24.3%), which was higher than that in Europe (n = 21, 7.7%, 2.6% to 18%) but slightly lower than North America (n = 9, 10.7%, 4.3% to 17.9%) [8]. In comparison to the global HCV seroprevalence among the general population varying between 0.5% and 2.3%, considerably higher estimates were also recorded in some Asian countries: Myanmar (1.0%), Laos (1.1%), Indonesia (2.1%), Cambodia (2.3%), Thailand (2.7%) and Vietnam (6.1%) [3,42]. Furthermore, the high prevalence of HIV (2% to 29%) among the Southeast Asian sex workers, transgender people and MSM has also rendered them to an enhanced risk of sexually acquired HCV infection [7,43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the molecular epidemiology of sexually acquired hepatitis C virus infection in the Asia‐Pacific region

Chan

Uemura

Kwan

et al. 2020

J. Intern. AIDS Soc.

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Introduction: Sexual acquisition has emerged as a transmission route for hepatitis C virus (HCV) of growing importance among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive populations. In Western countries, HCV epidemics have been increasingly detected among men who have sex with men (MSM). This review describes the molecular epidemiology of sexually acquired HCV infection in the Asia-Pacific region. Methods: A systematic search was performed on PubMed in March 2019. Either abstract or full-text of each publication in the search results was screened for eligibility. Studies from different countries/cities involving eligible cases, who acquired HCV sexually with identified subtype, were synthesized for the evaluation of molecular epidemiology in the Asia-Pacific region. Two large-scale systematic reviews on the genotype distribution of HCV at a population level and among PWID were used as references for comparison. Results and discussion: Overall, 13 full-text articles with 549 subjects originating from nine countries/cities were reviewed. A total of five genotypes and 14 subtypes were identified, dominated by subtypes 1b (23.0%), 2a (19.1%) and 3a (29.5%). A majority of the infected cases occurred in HIV-positive MSM. In some places, notably Hong Kong, India and Indonesia, the predominant subtype in sexually acquired HCV infection in MSM was different from that circulating in the general population. Shared transmission networks between people who inject drugs (PWID) and MSM were shown in Australia and New Zealand, whereas overlapping risk elicited from a small number of subjects existed in Tokyo, Taipei and Guangxi. MSM-specific clusters were identified in Hong Kong, Taipei and Hubei. Conclusions: The distribution of sexually acquired HCV was sparsely scattered across countries/cities in the Asia-Pacific region. The threat of overlapping risk differed by locations, whereas transnational outbreaks remained uncommon. The paucity of information has hindered progress with comprehensive assessment in the Asia-Pacific region, where seroprevalence of HCV among HIV-positive MSM was relatively high.

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“…Studies on the global distribution and prevalence of HCV genotypes revealed the diverse prevalence of genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 6 across Southeast Asian countries 13, 14 . Southeast Asia has a particularly high prevalence of genotype 6, with 94.6 million infected individuals 15 . Studies on HCV genotype prevalence in Malaysia reported that genotype 3 is the most common, followed by genotype 1 16, 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary study on the association between pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 beta polymorphisms and susceptibility to hepatitis C infection in Malay male Malay drug abusers

Lansayan¹,

Bakar²,

Noh³

et al. 2023

Biomed. Res. Ther.

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Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection frequently leads to liver complications, such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The incidence of HCV infection transmission among drug abusers is concerning. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β ) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted during innate and adaptive immune responses and plays a pivotal role in chronic inflammatory diseases. Functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-1β cause it to play different roles in disease susceptibility and progression. This study aimed to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β ) and HCV infection susceptibility in Malay male drug abusers. Methods: In total, 48 male Malay drug abusers were included in this retrospective case-control study. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples and analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for the IL-1β rs16944 and rs1143634 polymorphisms. Results: Analysis of IL-1β rs1143634 revealed that the C/C genotype was common in both the case and control groups; however, no statistical significance was observed (p = 0.068, χ 2 = 3.755). Genotyping of IL-1β demonstrated that all samples were of the homozygous mutant type (T/T). Conclusion: There was no association between IL-1β polymorphism (rs1143634 and rs16944) and hepatitis C infection susceptibility among Malay male drug abusers.

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Hepatitis C in Developing Countries in Southeast Asia

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Evaluation of five rapid diagnostic tests for detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV): A step towards scale-up of HCV screening efforts in India

Evaluation of five rapid diagnostic tests for detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV): A step towards scale-up of HCV screening efforts in India

Review on the molecular epidemiology of sexually acquired hepatitis C virus infection in the Asia‐Pacific region

A preliminary study on the association between pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 beta polymorphisms and susceptibility to hepatitis C infection in Malay male Malay drug abusers

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