Hepatitis C Virus Epidemiology in Djibouti, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Chaabna, Karima; Kouyoumjian, Silva P.; Abu‐Raddad, Laith J.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149966

Cited by 51 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…According to our results, Libya and Yemen have the second and third highest HCV seroprevalence rates in blood donors in the Middle East region. These findings are broadly consistent with other comprehensive epidemiologic studies on general populations in Libya and Yemen (66,67). Seroprevalence of HCV in Libya and Yemen may increase in the next few years due to ongoing military conflicts and destruction of health-care infrastructures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus among Blood Donors in Middle Eastern Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ghaderi-Zefrehi

Sharafi

Sadeghi

et al. 2017

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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Context: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been the main cause of post transfusion hepatitis. Long-term hepatitis can ultimately result in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Viral hepatitis, especially HCV infection, is a major health concern in the Middle East. The current study carried out a systematic search concerning HCV seroprevalence among blood donors in Middle Eastern countries. Evidence Acquisition: Articles were identified through searching databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We reviewed systematically all studies reporting HCV seroprevalence among blood donors in Middle Eastern countries. Results: A total of 5662 relevant records were identified by the electronic search, of which a total of 47 studies were identified as eligible papers that were meta-analyzed for the pooled seroprevalence of HCV among blood donors. Overall, HCV seroprevalence among blood donors in Middle Eastern countries was estimated 0.88% (95%CI = 0.79% -0.97%). The highest pooled HCV seroprevalence rate was related to Egypt (5.76% [95%CI = 3.30% -8.22%]), Libya (1.56% [95%CI = 0.99% -2.13%]), and Yemen (1.09% [95%CI = 0.69% -1.50%]) while the lowest pooled seroprevalence rate was in Iran and Israel with the rates of 0.14% (95%CI = 0.12% -0.17%) and 0.16% (95%CI = 0.06% -0.25%), respectively. Results of annual HCV seroprevalence suggest that there is a decrease in seroprevalence rate of HCV over time among blood donors in Egypt, Iran, Oman, Lebanon, Libya, and Saudi Arabia. Conclusions: Our results showed that the trend of HCV seroprevalence over time among Middle Eastern blood donors was decreasing. It suggests that recent safety measures implemented in Middle Eastern countries have been effective.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus among Blood Donors in Middle Eastern Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ghaderi-Zefrehi

Sharafi

Sadeghi

et al. 2017

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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“…The overall sero-prevalence of anti-HCV recorded in our study area was less than that from the pooled national prevalence of 3.1% [22] and 3.0% reported in Sub-Saharan Africa [30]. However, it is still greater than the 1.0% prevalence reported from Gojjam, Ethiopia [29]; 0.3% in Djibouti, 0.9% in Somalia, and 1.0% in Sudan [31] among the general populations. Although the overall sero-prevalence of HCV infection in the study area is considered to be low according to the WHO classification [26, 27], relatively higher prevalence detected in Bena-Tsemay district indicates it is a marked public health problem in that district.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Community-based Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Infections in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Woldegiorgis

Erku

Medhin

et al. 2019

Preprint

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16Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are the leading causes of 17 liver-related morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The magnitude of HBV and HCV 18 infections in Ethiopia has not been well studied at community level. This study aimed at 19 investigating the sero-prevalence and associated risk factors of HBV and HCV among HBV 20 unvaccinated community members in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. 21 Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts from March 22 to May 2018. Structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant clinical and socio-23 demographic data. Three milliliter of blood sample was collected from each study participant and 24 screened for HBV and HCV using one step hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test strip and one 25 step HCV test strip, respectively. Samples found positive for HBsAg were further tested using 26 immunoassay of Alere Determine TM HBsAg (Alere Inc., USA). Data was analyzed using SPSS 27 version 25.0. 28 Results: A total of 625 (51.4% males, age 6-80 years, mean age ± SD = 30.83 ± 13.51 years) 29 individuals participated in the study. The sero-prevalence for HBV infection was 8.0% as 30 detected using one step HBsAg test strip, while it was 7.2% using Alere Determine TM HBsAg 31 test. The sero-prevalence for HCV infection was 1.9%. Two (0.3%) of the participants were 32 seropositive for both HBV and HCV infections. High sero-prevalence for HBV infection was 33 associated with weakness and fatigue (AOR = 5.20; 95% CI: 1.58, 17.15), while high sero-34 prevalence of HCV infection was associated with age group between 46 and 65 years (AOR = 35 13.02; 95% CI: 1.11, 152.41).36 Conclusion: this study revealed higher-intermediate endemicity level of HBV infection and low 37 to intermediate endemicity level of HCV infection in the study area. Clinical symptoms like 38 weakness and fatigue were found to be indictors for HBV infection, while individuals in the age 39 group between 46 and 65 years were at higher risk for HCV infection. Provision of community-40 based health education, vaccination, mass screening and providing treatment would have utmost 41 importance in reducing the transmission of these diseases in the present study area. 42 2 43 E viruses. Among these, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most 48 common causes of viral hepatitis [2]. 49 Both HBV and HCV can be transmitted through sexual, blood or vertically from mother-to-child 50 [3]. Thus, individuals who require blood transfusion, those who have multiple sexual partners 51 and infants born to HBV or HCV infected mothers are at a high-risk for acquiring HBV or 52 HCV infection [4]. Both viruses can cause acute and chronic infection of the liver [5, 6]. Chronic 53 HBV and HCV infections are the leading causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality [7, 8]. 54 Between 15% and 40% of chronically infected individuals can develop serious liver disease and 55 transmit the viruses to others [9, 10]. Globally, about 257 m...

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“…The role of HCV in liver diseases was found to be 8‐fold higher in Egypt and 5‐fold higher in Pakistan compared to the other countries (Table ). These findings should not be surprising given the high HCV prevalence and unique nature of epidemics in these two countries relative to the rest of MENA …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…In this project, the MENA region consisted of 24 countries, as outlined in Supporting Box . As relevant in this study, separate analyses were conducted for Egypt and Pakistan, given the unique nature of the HCV epidemics in these two countries relative to the remaining MENA countries …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Populations With Liver‐Related Diseases in the Middle East and North Africa

et al. 2020

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We investigated hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemiology in populations with liver‐related diseases (LRDs) in the Middle East and North Africa. The data source was standardized databases of HCV measures populated through systematic reviews. Random‐effects meta‐analyses and meta‐regressions were performed, and genotype diversity was assessed. Analyses were based on 252 HCV antibody prevalence measures, eight viremic rate measures, and 30 genotype measures on 132,358 subjects. Pooled mean prevalence in LRD populations was 58.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.5%‐66.0%) in Egypt and 55.8% (95% CI, 49.1%‐62.4%) in Pakistan; these values were higher than in other countries, which had a pooled prevalence of only 15.6% (95% CI, 12.4%‐19.0%). Mean prevalence was highest in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma at 56.9% (95% CI, 50.2%‐63.5%) and those with cirrhosis at 50.4% (95% CI, 40.8%‐60.0%). Type of LRD population and country were the strongest predictors of prevalence, explaining 48.6% of the variation. No evidence for prevalence decline was found, but there was strong evidence for prevalence increase in Pakistan. A strong, positive association was identified between prevalence in the general population and that in LRD populations; the Pearson correlation coefficient ranged between 0.605 and 0.862. The pooled mean viremic rate was 75.5% (95% CI, 61.0%‐87.6%). Genotype 4 was most common (44.2%), followed by genotype 3 (34.5%), genotype 1 (17.0%), genotype 2 (3.5%), genotype 6 (0.5%), and genotype 5 (0.3%). Conclusion: HCV appears to play a dominant role in liver diseases in Egypt and Pakistan and has a growing role in Pakistan. Testing and treatment of LRD populations are essential to reduce disease burden and transmission and to reach HCV elimination by 2030.

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Hepatitis C Virus Epidemiology in Djibouti, Somalia, Sudan, and Yemen: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 51 publications

References 89 publications

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus among Blood Donors in Middle Eastern Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus among Blood Donors in Middle Eastern Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Community-based Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Infections in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Populations With Liver‐Related Diseases in the Middle East and North Africa

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