Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Related Risk Factors among Injection Drug Users in Montenegro

Baćak, Valerio; Laušević, Dragan; Mugoša, Boban; Vratnica, Zoran; Terzić, Nataša

doi:10.1159/000339840

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…RDSS has successfully been used to recruit PWUD in many countries [ 1 ], mostly to provide estimates of the prevalence of HIV or hepatitis C (HCV) among people who inject drugs (PWID) [ 8 , 14 , 17 ] and collect additional data on drug use practices [ 3 , 4 , 15 , 22 , 24 ]. In Europe, there have been limited findings on the use of drugs and its consequences in the whole PWUD population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The best described patterns in drug use covering Europe are from the European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) [9]. In 2019, the EMCDDA reported an increase in the production and consumption of cannabis, cocaine and MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine) in the region as well as an increase in poly-drug consumption. The indicators used in this report were mainly based on data collected from healthcare centers in several European countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community-based respondent-driven sampling as a strategy for drug use surveillance in a large French urban area

Donnadieu,

Quillet,

D’Ottavi

et al. 2023

Harm Reduct J

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Background Understanding drug use and behavior within the PWUD population is crucial to adapt harm reduction and prevention strategies, and provide improved addiction and medical treatment. However, in most countries such as France, the knowledge of drug use behaviors is likely biased as it originates from addiction centers which are attended by only an unknown proportion of PWUD. The objectives of this study were to describe drug use behavior in a population of active PWUD in the urban area of Montpellier, South of France. Methods We implemented a community-based respondent-driven sampling survey (RDSS), a validated strategy to obtain a representative sample of a population, to recruit PWUD in the city. Adult individuals reporting frequent psychoactive drug use other than cannabis, with confirmation by urine test, were eligible. Beside HCV and HIV testing, trained peers interviewed participants on their drug consumption and behavior using standardized questionnaires. Fifteen seeds launched the RDSS. Results During the 11 weeks of the RDSS, 554 actives PWUD were consecutively included. They were mostly men (78.8%), had a median age of 39 years, and only 25.6% had a stable living place. On average, participants consumed 4.7 (± 3.1) different drugs, and 42.6% smoked free-base cocaine. Unexpectedly, heroin and methamphetamine were consumed by 46.8% and 21.5% of participants, respectively. Among the 194 participants injecting drugs, 33% declared sharing their equipment. Conclusion This RDSS highlighted a high consumption of heroin, crack and methamphetamine in this PWUD population. These unexpected results can be explained by low attendance to addiction centers, the source of drug use reports. Despite free care and risk reduction equipment in the city, sharing was very frequent among injectors, challenging the current program of harm reduction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-based respondent-driven sampling as a strategy for drug use surveillance in a large French urban area

Donnadieu,

Quillet,

D’Ottavi

et al. 2023

Harm Reduct J

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Hepatitis C virus genotype 3A in a population of injecting drug users in Montenegro: Bayesian and evolutionary analysis

Mugoša¹,

Cella²,

Lai

et al. 2017

Arch Virol

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Few reports are available on HCV molecular epidemiology among IDUs in Eastern Europe, and none in Montenegro. The aim of this study was to investigate the HCV genotype distribution in Montenegro among IDUs and to perform Bayesian and evolutionary analysis of the most prevalent HCV genotype circulating in this population. Sixty-four HCV-positive IDUs in Montenegro were enrolled between 2013 and 2014, and the NS5B gene was sequenced. The Bayesian analysis showed that the most prevalent subtype was HCV-3a. Phylogenetic data showed that HCV-3a reached Montenegro in the late 1990s, causing an epidemic that exponentially grew between the 1995 and 2005. In the dated tree, four different entries, from 1990 (clade D), 1994 (clade A) to 1999 (clade B) and 2001 (clade C), were identified. In the NS5B protein model, the amino acids variations were located mainly in the palm domain, which contains most of the conserved structural elements of the active site. This study provides an analysis of the virus transmission pathway and the evolution of HCV genotype 3a among IDUs in Montenegro. These data could represent the basis for further strategies aimed to improve disease management and surveillance program development in high-risk populations.

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A Systematic Review of Published Respondent-Driven Sampling Surveys Collecting Behavioral and Biologic Data

et al. 2016

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Acknowledgments:We would like to thank Kate Orroth for conducting the literature search for the STROBE-RDS Guidelines and allowing us to use it for this analysis. Abstract word count: 160Word count: 3060 ABSTRACTReporting key details of respondent-driven sampling (RDS) survey implementation and analysis is essential for assessing the quality of RDS surveys. RDS is both a recruitment and analytic method and, as such, it is important to adequately describe both aspects in publications. We extracted data from peer-reviewed literature published through September, 2013 that reported collected biological specimens using RDS. We identified 151 eligible peer-reviewed articles describing 222 surveys conducted in seven regions throughout the world. Most published surveys reported basic implementation information such as survey city, country, year, population sampled, interview method, and final sample size. However, many surveys did not report essential methodological and analytical information for assessing RDS survey quality, including number of recruitment sites, seeds at start and end, maximum number of waves, and whether data were adjusted for network size. Understanding the quality of data collection and analysis in RDS is useful to effectively plan for public health service delivery and funding priorities.

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Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Related Risk Factors among Injection Drug Users in Montenegro

Cited by 6 publications

References 52 publications

Community-based respondent-driven sampling as a strategy for drug use surveillance in a large French urban area

Community-based respondent-driven sampling as a strategy for drug use surveillance in a large French urban area

Hepatitis C virus genotype 3A in a population of injecting drug users in Montenegro: Bayesian and evolutionary analysis

A Systematic Review of Published Respondent-Driven Sampling Surveys Collecting Behavioral and Biologic Data

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