Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Pregnancy and Children: Its Implications and Treatment Considerations with Directly Acting Antivirals: A Review

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) is a global health problem affecting >71 million people worldwide with chronic hepatitis C, 40% reproductive age group, and 8% pregnant women. Intravenous drug abuse, multi-transfusions are major risk factors in adults, while vertical transmission in pediatric population. It commonly presents as a chronic liver disease, has higher risk of liver cirrhosis and even progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, proper screening of high-risk populations including pregnancy is recommended. All diagnosed chronic hepatitis C cases should be treated with directly acting anti-virals (DAAs) including pre-conception which has a cure rate of >95%. This would reduce the disease burden, vertical transmission, and disability associated. However, no DAAs regimens recommendation till date due to lack of evidence on adverse fetal outcomes and are concerned about the pharmacokinetic effect regarding physiological changes during pregnancy. Therefore, in this review, we have tried to explore the possible use of DAAs regimens and their safety issues during pregnancy, and possible consideration of few pan-genotypic regimens in the late 2nd and early 3rd trimester. This would not only prevent vertical transmission and decrease disease burden but also help to meet the WHO 2030 target of HCV elimination as a major public health problem.

Defer no more: advances in the treatment and prevention of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in children

“…Given the widely acknowledged difficulties that impede postpartum treatment, along with the accumulating evidence of DAA safety in adults and children, a growing chorus is advocating the study of DAA use during pregnancy to cure mothers and prevent vertical transmission [95][96][97][98][99]. These calls are reinforced by recognition that pregnancy is often a unique period of medical engagement in otherwise asymptomatic, healthy women.…”