Hepatitis Delta Virus

Taylor, John M.

doi:10.1159/000024977

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…2A) [2]. The HDV genome encodes two related but distinct ribozymes that were first discovered through their function in processing concatameric copies of the viral RNA genome during rolling circle transcription (Fig.…”

Section: Hepatitis Delta Virus Family Of Ribozymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry and Biology of Self-Cleaving Ribozymes

Jimenez

Polanco

Lupták

2015

Trends in Biochemical Sciences

164

161

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Self-cleaving ribozymes were discovered thirty years ago, but their biological distribution and catalytic mechanisms are only beginning to be defined. Each ribozyme family is defined by a distinct structure with unique active sites accelerating the same transesterification reaction across the families. Biochemical studies show that general acid-base catalysis is the most common mechanism of self-cleavage, but metal ions and metabolites can be employed as cofactors. Ribozymes have been discovered in highly diverse genomic contexts throughout nature, from viroids to vertebrates. Their biological roles include self-scission during rolling-circle replication of RNA genomes, co-transcriptional processing of retrotransposons, and metabolite-dependent gene expression regulation in bacteria. Other examples, including highly conserved mammalian ribozymes, suggest that many new biological roles are yet to be discovered.

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Section: Hepatitis Delta Virus Family Of Ribozymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry and Biology of Self-Cleaving Ribozymes

Jimenez

Polanco

Lupták

2015

Trends in Biochemical Sciences

164

161

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“…HDV has been isolated only from humans [2]. It comprises a single‐stranded, circular RNA genome of close to 1700 nucleotides, which is the smallest genome of any animal virus [3]. Several features of HDV resemble those of plant viroids such as the circular configuration of its RNA genome, its RNA self‐cleavage (ribozyme activity) property and its RNA to RNA rolling circle replication, but there are also important differences: (i) viroids are smaller, being 250–300 nucleotides in length; (ii) they do not require a helper virus and (iii) viroids do not code for a protein [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural history and treatment of chronic delta hepatitis

Yurdaydın

İdilman

Bozkaya

et al. 2010

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

143

130

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Chronic delta hepatitis (CDH) represents a severe form of chronic viral hepatitis, induced by the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) in conjunction with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Delta hepatitis may lead to disease in humans through co-infection. The former leads to acute hepatitis which clinically can range from mild hepatitis to fulminant hepatitis and death. Severe or fulminant hepatitis is more often observed with HBV-HDV co-infection compared to HBV mono-infection. Chronic infection after acute hepatitis B + D co-infection is infrequent and similar to the rate in mono-infected patients. CDH develops in 70-90% of patients with superinfection. CDH runs a more progressive course than chronic hepatitis B and may lead to cirrhosis within 2 years in 10-15% of patients. However, as with any immune-mediated disease, different patterns of progression, ranging from mild to severe progressive disease, are observed. Active replication of both HBV and HDV may be associated with a more progressive disease pattern. Further, different HDV and HBV genotypes may contribute to various disease outcomes. CDH may be frequently associated with hepatocellular carcinoma development although recent studies provided conflicting results. The only established therapy for CDH is treatment with interferons for a duration of at least 1 year. On treatment, 6 month HDV RNA assessment may give clues as to whether to stop treatment at 1 year or continue beyond 1 year. New approaches to treatment of CDH are an urgent need of which the use of prenylation inhibitors appears the most promising.

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“…51 It is estimated that around 18 million persons are infected with HDV worldwide. HDV has been classified in three genotypes: genotype I, widely distributed around the world; genotype II, mainly found in Asia; and the South American genotype III 52 (Fig.…”

Section: Molecular Epidemiology Of Hdvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic Variability of Hepatitis Viruses Associated With Chronic Infection and the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Pujol¹,

Devesa²

2005

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology

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At least five hepatitis viruses are known to date. Infection by enterically transmitted viruses (HAV and HEV) is generally benign compared with the disease caused by parenterally transmitted viruses (HBV, HCV, and HDV). Chronic infection by HBV is common and may evolve to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Eight HBV genotypes (A-H) have been described, with the South American genotype F being the most divergent. Seven clades of HDV have been described; among them, the South American genotype III is associated to a high frequency of fulminant hepatitis. HCV infection leads to a high rate of chronicity and HCC. From the six HCV genotypes, infection with genotype 1 might have the worst prognostic. Chronic infection by HCV and HBV is the major risk factor for HCC, which occurs, in the majority of the cases, as a consequence of cirrhosis. However, there is growing evidence that some HBV and HCV proteins might contribute to the generation of HCC. Some HBV and HCV variants and specific mutations within the viral genomes might be more frequently associated with the evolution to HCC. Although more studies are needed, emerging evidence indicates that it might be important to address the genetic variability of these viruses and their contribution to the development of HCC.

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Hepatitis Delta Virus

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to give a concise update on our understanding of hepatitis delta virus (HDV). For more extensive background information the reader is directed to published reviews [1-5].

Cited by 32 publications

References 32 publications

Chemistry and Biology of Self-Cleaving Ribozymes

Chemistry and Biology of Self-Cleaving Ribozymes

Natural history and treatment of chronic delta hepatitis

Genotypic Variability of Hepatitis Viruses Associated With Chronic Infection and the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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