Hepatitis E: a complex and global disease

Pelosi, Emanuela; Clarke, Ian N.

doi:10.3134/ehtj.08.008

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 259 publications

(323 reference statements)

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“…The largest documented outbreak of HEV infection was in China between 1986 and 1988, involving over 100,000 individuals [9]. In industrialized countries, the disease occurs sporadically, and most infections occur in individuals who travel to countries where HEV is endemic [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and predictors of hepatitis E infection in Nigerian children

Ekanem

Ikobah

Okpara

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Hepatitis E is a hepatotropic virus transmitted through the fecal-oral route and is prevalent in developing countries where sanitation is still a public health issue. There is no epidemiological data about this virus in Nigerian children. All the existing studies are hospital based, with obvious limitations. This study was conducted to establish the seroprevalence and predictors of viral hepatitis E antibody in children in Akpabuyo Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a community-based, cross-sectional study. A multi-staged sampling technique was used to select ten communities from which 406 children were recruited. The study period was April to June 2012. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Blood samples were screened for anti-HEV IgG antibody using the enzyme-linked immunoassay technique. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors that independently predicted the occurrence of the anti-HEV IgG antibody. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The seroprevalence rate of anti-HEV IgG antibody was 7.7% (95% CI = 5.1-10.3). The study population mainly (94.1%) comprised the lower social class. Levels of social amenities in these communities were generally poor, with virtually no piped water and modern sewage disposal systems. After multivariate analysis, the predictor of infection was the duration of residence in the study communities. Conclusions: HEV infection was prevalent in the study population. Educational campaigns and provision of good sewage disposal and piped water are of high necessity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and predictors of hepatitis E infection in Nigerian children

Ekanem

Ikobah

Okpara

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Besides HEV-2, HEV-1 is circulating in these African countries. Furthermore, reports of HEV-3 in African countries are increasing (table 2) [8,12,74,75,76,77]. …”

Section: Current Knowledge About the Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus

Pauli¹,

Aepfelbacher

Bauerfeind

et al. 2015

Transfus Med Hemother

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“…For diagnosis, the majority of HEV RT-PCR assays have used conserved HEV genomic regions as the target for amplification. Considering the wide genetic heterogeneity of HEV isolates, it is critical to design primer and probes that guarantee the development of highly sensitive and broadly reactive assays [17]. One of the most widely used of these real-time RT-PCRs is that developed by Jothikumar and colleagues [97].…”

Section: Laboratory Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In industrialized countries, HEV infection is being reported more frequently and, while some cases are imported after travel to endemic areas, autochthonous cases caused by genotype 3 are also increasing, and infection with HEV appears more prevalent than originally believed [6,16,17,18]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autochthonous Hepatitis E Virus Infections: A New Transfusion-Associated Risk?

Dreier

Juhl²

2013

Transfus Med Hemother

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has been recognized since 2004 as a transfusion-transmissible infectious agent, and recent epidemiological data suggest that it may pose a safety threat to the blood supply. It has recently become obvious that hepatitis E is endemic in industrialized countries, and that more infections are autochthonous than travel-associated. Epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis suggests that HEV infection has to be considered as a zoonosis and that viral transmission from animals (pigs, wild animals) occurs through food or direct contact. The seroprevalence and incidence of HEV in the general population and blood donors in European countries indicate an underestimated risk for transfusion transmissions. Recently reported cases of transfusion transmission of HEV infection, and detection of viremic, asymptomatic blood donors in nucleic acid amplification technique screening programs give an indication of the importance of this virus. Diagnostic assays for detection of anti-HEV antibodies, HEV antigens and RNA are discussed. Recent studies support the idea that active immunization can prevent hepatitis E, highlighting the need for vaccination programs. Here we review current knowledge of HEV and its epidemiology, blood transmission and prevention of this disease with emphasis on blood supply.

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Hepatitis E: a complex and global disease

Cited by 26 publications

References 259 publications

Seroprevalence and predictors of hepatitis E infection in Nigerian children

Seroprevalence and predictors of hepatitis E infection in Nigerian children

Hepatitis E Virus

Autochthonous Hepatitis E Virus Infections: A New Transfusion-Associated Risk?

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