Hepatitis E in High-Income Countries: What Do We Know? And What Are the Knowledge Gaps?

Capai, Lisandru; Charrel, Rémi N.; Falchi, Alessandra

doi:10.3390/v10060285

Cited by 38 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 204 publications

(215 reference statements)

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“…Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a non-enveloped, positive sense RNA virus. Among the eight genotypes in the species Orthohepevirus A, five have significance to human health [1]. Genotypes 1 and 2 are spread by the faecal-oral route in developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E virus infection in Hong Kong blood donors

Tsoi¹,

Zhu

et al. 2019

Vox Sanguinis

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Background and Objectives In Hong Kong, the dominant circulating hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype is type 4, which can cause more severe clinical consequences than type 3. The aim of this study was to determine the HEV prevalence in Hong Kong blood donors. Materials and MethodsUnlinked donation samples (n = 10 000) collected in March to May 2015 were tested for HEV RNA using the Procleix HEV assay in an individual donation format (IDT). A subset of 2000 samples were tested for IgG and IgM anti-HEV using the Wantai enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nucleic acid testing (NAT) initial reactive results were retested once, and repeatedly reactive donations were subjected to alternative molecular procedures as confirmation tests.Results One in 5000 Hong Kong blood donors was positive for HEV RNA (0Á02%). The two RNA positive samples were also IgG and IgM anti-HEV positive. One of the two RNA positive donors could be sequenced revealing genotype type 4. Anti-HEV seroprevalence was estimated as 15Á5% among all donors. IgG anti-HEV positive rate for age group 16-20 was 3Á1%, and it increased with age to 43Á1% for age group 51-60. Sero-positivity was higher in males (male donors 18Á1% vs. female donors 13Á2%), but it was mostly due to the difference in a specific age group (41-50).Conclusion Hepatitis E virus RNA positive rate of 0Á02% was within the reported range of HEV RNA frequency in developed countries. One donor was confirmed to be genotype 4, which is the dominant genotype in circulation in Hong Kong.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E virus infection in Hong Kong blood donors

Tsoi¹,

Zhu

et al. 2019

Vox Sanguinis

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“…HEV is a transfusion-transmissible virus, as evidenced by its detection in blood donors in both developed and developing countries [24,25]. In the current study, we screened 1,078 serum samples from blood donors in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia for anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of the hepatitis E virus among blood donors in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

Alhatlani

Aljabr

Almarzouqi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV), a major public health issue worldwide with the potential for transmission via blood transfusion, in blood donors in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Serum samples (n = 1,078) were collected from volunteer blood donors from January to April 2019 and tested for the presence of anti-HEV IgG and IgM by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results Overall, the seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG and IgM among blood donors was 5.7% and 1.3%, respectively. Additionally, the seropositive rates of anti-HEV IgG and IgM were significantly higher in non-Saudi donors (22.1% and 7.8%) than in Saudi donors (3% and 0.2%). The seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG increased with age; however, there was no correlation between gender and anti-HEV IgG and/or IgM. The seroprevalence of HEV among blood donors in the Qassim Region was lower than previous estimates for other regions of the country. Further studies covering a wider geographical area are needed to validate and expand the findings and to determine the importance of HEV screening in the region.

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“…Полученные результаты свидетельствуют об относительно высокой частоте выявления анти-ВГЕ IgG среди условно здорового населения во всех обследованных регионах при низкой регистрации случаев острого гепатита Е. Анализ литературы свидетельствует, что подобная ситуация характерна не только для РФ, но и других стран с умеренным климатом [10]. Таким образом, данные сероэпидемиологических исследований подтверждают сохранение актуальности положений парадокса Балаяна.…”

Section: р е з у л ьт а т ы и о б с у ж д е н и еunclassified

Balayan Paradox

Михайлов¹,

Malinnikova²,

Kyuregyan³

et al. 2019

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology

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This article presents the results of a study of the epidemiology of hepatitis E in the Russian Federation. Obtained data explaining the phenomenon, known as the Balayan paradox — the wide distribution of anamnestic antibodies to the hepatitis E virus in the absence of a registered incidence. It was shown that imported cases of infection are not able to support the epidemiological process of hepatitis E in Russia. The most cases of HEV infection are autochthonous in nature and are associated with zoonotic transmission of genotype 3 virus from pigs.

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Hepatitis E in High-Income Countries: What Do We Know? And What Are the Knowledge Gaps?

Cited by 38 publications

References 204 publications

Hepatitis E virus infection in Hong Kong blood donors

Hepatitis E virus infection in Hong Kong blood donors

Seroprevalence of the hepatitis E virus among blood donors in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

Balayan Paradox

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