Hepatitis E Virus and Person‐to‐Person Transmission

Aggarwal, Rakesh

doi:10.1086/655157

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The only outbreak of acute hepatitis E linked to person‐to‐person transmission within the household occurred in Uganda, which involved 10,000 cases and caused 160 deaths . Evidence of person‐to‐person transmission was supported by the long‐lasting epidemic without identifying a common source of infection or virus from environmental sources, but this conclusion was limited by the serial intervals and sensitivity of viral detection …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus Infections Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Individuals During an Outbreak of Acute Hepatitis A in Taiwan

Lin

Sun

et al. 2019

Hepatology

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Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) share the similar fecal‐oral transmission route. During an outbreak of sexually transmitted acute hepatitis A among men who have sex with men (MSM) worldwide between 2015 and 2017, we investigated the possibility of sexual transmission and related morbidity of HEV infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients. From March 1, 2015 to August 31, 2017, anti‐HEV immunoglobulin G was retrospectively determined among 3,293 HIV‐positive patients, who were mainly MSM (87.6%) with a median CD4 count of 575 cells/μL. Prevalence and incidence of HEV infection were 3.7% (123 of 3,293) and 4.35 per 1,000 person‐years of follow‐up (PYFU), respectively, which were significantly lower compared with those of HAV infection (31.1% [996 of 3,204] and 12.61 per 1,000 PYFU, respectively). The number of patients with HEV infection did not increase with the hepatitis A epidemic. The factor associated with prevalent HEV infection was older age (per 1‐year increase, adjusted odds ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.05‐1.09), but neither sexual orientation nor acquisition of sexually transmitted infections was related to prevalent or incident HEV infection. Among 23 patients with incident HEV infection, 22 patients had viremia caused by HEV genotype 4. No patients had prolonged HEV viremia or clinical symptoms, and only a mild elevation of serum aminotransferase, ranging from 34 to 77 IU/L, was noted. Although 4 patients had hepatitis for a prolonged duration of between 8 and 17 months, no abdominal imaging revealed liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Conclusion: HEV endemicity remained low among HIV‐positive patients in Taiwan during the outbreak of acute hepatitis A. Our data suggest that sexual transmission of HEV with significant morbidity of HEV infection, if any, is rare in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus Infections Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Individuals During an Outbreak of Acute Hepatitis A in Taiwan

Lin

Sun

et al. 2019

Hepatology

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“…The nucleotide sequence identity between isolated sequences and four genotypes were calculated by using the Lasergene sequence analysis tool MegAlign (DNASTAR, Inc.). The phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary genetics analyses were conducted using the neighbor-joining method with MEGA 5.05 [21]. A total of 38 related HEV strains (Table 2) were used as references in the analyses; an avian HEV strain (AY535004) was included as an outgroup.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic heterogeneity of swine hepatitis E virus isolates from Yunnan province, China in 2011–2012

Shu

Duan

Song

et al. 2014

Virol J

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BackgroundHepatitis E is a disease of major public-health concern mainly in developing countries. Although molecular and sero-epidemiological investigations of HEV have been performed in many provinces in China, the epidemiological data from Yunnan Province are limited and genotypes are not be fully characterized. In this study the prevalence and characteristics of hepatitis E virus (HEV) detected in pigs from Yunnan province, China was evaluated.ResultsA total of 13 out of 187 pig fecal samples collected in 2011 revealed HEV positive results; likewise, 7 out of 69 samples collected in 2012 exhibited positive results. These findings indicated a total prevalence of 7.8% (20/256). Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analysis results revealed that nine strains were found in the samples obtained in 2011, in which 87.1% to 99.4% nucleotide sequence identity was shared among these strains; and 77.0% to 81.9%, 52.2% to 53.6%, 77.0% to 88.2% and 77.9% to 96.8% nucleotide sequence identities were shared with strains representing genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4. Five strains were detected in the samples obtained in 2012, in which 94.2% to 99.3% nucleotide sequence identity was shared among the strains, and 81.0% to 82.5%, 81.8% to 83.2%, 81.0% to 92.7% and 81.0% to 97.8% nucleotide sequence identities were shared with strains representing the genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4.ConclusionsAnalysis of fourteen detected HEV strains revealed that three of them were subtype 4d, two were subtype 4b; the nine remaining isolated strains were subtype 4 h. These results indicated that the prevalence of HEV in the swine herds of Yunnan was quite high, additional public-health concerns should focus on pork safety.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1743-422X-11-162) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…28 Some workers have recently suggested existence of secondary spread 34 ; however, these data have been questioned. 35 During the outbreaks, overall attack rates have varied widely from 1% to above 15%; this is most likely related to the intensity of water contamination.…”

Section: Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%