Hepatitis E virus infection in different groups of Estonian patients and people who inject drugs

Кузнецова, Т. В.; Ivanova-Pozdejeva, Anna; Reshetnjak, Irina; Geller, Julia; Värv, Kairi; Rumvolt, Reet; Vikentjeva, Maria; Трубникова, Е. В.; Позднякова, Н. В.; Шевелев, А. Б.; Golovljova, Irina

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2018.04.011

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Since both genotypes hold a similar pathogenicity (Smith et al, ), this suggests that in Corsica human infections are not acquired from consumption of pig products produced by the traditional breeding system. A similar situation has been observed in Estonia were authors suggested that HEV infections in Estonia are most likely associated with travel or with consumption of imported food products (Kuznetsova et al, ). Alternatively, it may reflect a changing pattern in the local epidemiology of HEV with a shift from genotype 3f to genotype 3c as witnessed by pig's data that might be an indicator for yet to come human cases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Drastic decline of hepatitis E virus detection in domestic pigs after the age of 6 months, Corsica, France

Capai

Maestrini

Casabianca

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Suidae is an important reservoir of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and a source of transmission to humans (direct contact or via consumption of meat products). Our goal was to characterize the epidemiology of HEV infecting domestic pigs in Corsica Island, a French region hyperendemic for HEV. In Corsica, traditional extensive (or semi‐extensive) outdoor pig farming system is common. Sixteen farms were selected according to location and breeding system. Individual pig faeces samples were collected and qRT‐PCR for detecting HEV RNA was performed. Nucleic acids from HEV‐positive samples were amplified using specific ORF2 genotyping system. The genotype and subtype of the Corsican HEV sequences were determined by phylogenetic analysis. Among the 919 porcine faeces samples tested 9.2% (n = 85) were positive. The presence of viral RNA was correlated with (a) age (>6 months) Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) 0.25 [0.068–0.90] p = .032; 3–4 months AOR = 4.94 [2.30–10.62] p = .000043) with the logistic regression model with a random effect at the farm level. Among the 85 positive samples, 83 belonged to genotype 3c and two to genotype 3f. The highest prevalence was observed in the 3–4 months age group and older age (>6 months) was negatively related to HEV infection and this suggests that traditional breeding with a late slaughter age may limit the risk of transmission to humans. A kinetic study of pigs from birth to slaughtering would allow to ensure that the type of traditional breeding reported here is very favourable to the absence of the virus in slaughtered pigs and in pork products.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Drastic decline of hepatitis E virus detection in domestic pigs after the age of 6 months, Corsica, France

Capai

Maestrini

Casabianca

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…There have been reports of nosocomial HEV infections following whole blood transfusion and transfusion of blood products ( Gallian, 2019 ). Other sources of parenteral transmission include organ transplant ( Denner, 2019 ), intravenous drug abuse ( Kuznetsova, 2018 ), and haemodialysis ( Eini et al, 2015 ). Direct contact either person-to-person (intra – familial) or contact with infected animals such as pigs ( Denner, 2019 ) also plays a role in HEV transmission.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Hev Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E Virus: An emerging enigmatic and underestimated pathogen

Raji

Ooi

Taib

et al. 2022

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an RNA virus causing hepatitis E disease. The virus is of one serotype but has diverse genotypes infecting both humans and animals. Based on evidence from seroprevalence studies, about 2 billion people are estimated to have been infected with HEV globally. HEV, therefore, poses a significant public health and economic challenge worldwide. HEV was discovered in the 1980s and was traced back to the 1955 – 1956 outbreak of hepatitis that occurred in India. Subsequently, several HEV epidemics involving thousands of individuals have occurred nearly annually in different countries in Asia and Africa. Initially, the virus was thought to be only enterically transmitted, and endemic in developing countries. Due to the environmental hygiene and sanitation challenges in those parts of the world. However, recent studies have suggested otherwise with the report of autochthonous cases in industrialised countries with no history of travel to the so-called endemic countries. Thus, suggesting that HEV has a global distribution with endemicity in both developing and industrialised nations. Studies have also revealed that HEV has multiple risk factors, and modes of transmission as well as zoonotic potentials. Additionally, recent findings have shown that HEV leads to severe disease, particularly among pregnant women. In contrast to the previous narration of a strictly mild and self-limiting infection. Studies have likewise demonstrated chronic HEV infection among immunocompromised persons. Consequent to these recent discoveries, this pathogen is considered a re – emerging virus, particularly in the developed nations. However, despite the growing public health challenges of this pathogen, the burden is still underestimated. The underestimation is often attributed to poor awareness among clinicians and a lack of routine checks for the disease in the hospitals. Thus, leading to misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. Hence, this review provides a concise overview of epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention of hepatitis E.

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“…However, similarly to other Baltic and Eastern European countries, undercooked meat consumption is not culturally widespread in Lithuania. Potential HEV transmission routes other than consumption of animal meat had been analyzed by European research groups, suggesting a possibility of HEV transmission via professional or recreational exposure to wild boar or pigs [ 18 , 58 , 59 ]. Further studies, including a larger sample of autochthonous isolates from more diverse focus groups, would be necessary to investigate the relationship between animal and human transmission routes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both widespread pork consumption and hunting practices in Lithuania are similar to its neighboring countries. Therefore, we expect similar HEV seroprevalence rates in risk groups and the general population to other Eastern European countries [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Molecular Characterization and Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Grigas

Montoya

Šimkutė

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Seroprevalence rates and molecular characterization of hepatitis E virus (HEV) prevalent in the Lithuanian human population has not yet been evaluated. Immunosuppressed individuals have been recognized as a risk group for chronic hepatitis due to HEV genotype 3 (HEV-3) infections. The objectives of the present study were to determine prevalence rates of anti-HEV antibodies among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, to isolate and characterize HEV strain present in the Lithuanian human population, and to investigate its capacity to infect non-human primate (MARC-145 and Vero), swine (PK-15) and murine (Neuro-2a) cells in vitro. In the present study, the significant difference of anti-HEV IgG prevalence between healthy (3.0% (95% CI 0–6.3)) and immunosuppressed individuals (12.0% [95% CI 8.1–15.9]) was described. Moreover, our findings showed that anti-HEV IgG seropositivity can be significantly predicted by increasing age (OR = 1.032, p < 0.01), diagnosis of IBD (OR = 4.541, p < 0.01) and reception of SOT (OR = 4.042, <0.05). Locally isolated HEV strain clustered within genotype 3i subtype of genotype 3 and was capable of infecting MARC-145 cells. This study demonstrates higher HEV seroprevalence in the risk group compared to healthy control individuals without confidence interval overlap. The high level of genetic homology between human and animal strains in Lithuania and the capacity of locally isolated strains to infect cells of non-human origin suggests its potential for zoonotic transmission.

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Hepatitis E virus infection in different groups of Estonian patients and people who inject drugs

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Drastic decline of hepatitis E virus detection in domestic pigs after the age of 6 months, Corsica, France

Drastic decline of hepatitis E virus detection in domestic pigs after the age of 6 months, Corsica, France

Hepatitis E Virus: An emerging enigmatic and underestimated pathogen

Molecular Characterization and Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

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