Hepatitis G Virus Infection in Healthy Individuals, Acute Viral Hepatitis and Persons at Risk for Parenteral Transmission

Abstract

Depending on prevalence rate, HGV could not be implicated as cause of acute viral hepatitis. Persons with parenteral risk factor (multiple blood transfusions and those undergoing dialysis) had higher prevalence rate as compared to healthy individuals.

Human pegivirus type 1 infection in Asia—A review of the literature

“…Prevalence studies of HPgV-1 have been conducted among haemodialysis/renal disease patients in China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Nepal, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Turkey 18,[93][94][95][96][97][98][99][103][104][105][106][107]114,115,117,152,[161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174] with rates >10% reported in China, 98,107 India, 117,161 Indonesia, 93,114 Iran, 169,172 Nepal, 97 Taiwan, 106,164 Thailand 95 and Turkey. 103,104,115,167,168…”

“…The HPgV-1 prevalence has been reported in haemophiliacs, PWIDs, CSWs, MSM and/or other high-risk groups in China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand and Turkey. 92,[95][96][97][98][99]106,107,116,150,153,155,[175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193] Prevalence rates ranged from 6.47% to 38.6% in haemophiliacs, 28,92,155,175,179,185,187,188 17.9% to 80% among PWIDs, 90,95,98,99,102,106,107,116,154,[176]…”

“…Multiple studies of HPgV-1 prevalence in hepatitis/liver disease patients have been reported, including in China, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Lebanon, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates and Vietnam. [77][78][79][80][81][82][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99]101,107,112, HPgV-1 prevalence rates above 10% were observed in China, 90,98,99,107,118,119,124,135,[142][143][144] India, 80,85,92,117,126 Indonesia, 93 Iran, 123 Japan, 66,125,131,[138][139]…”

Viral metagenomics in drug-naïve, first-onset schizophrenia patients with prominent negative symptoms

“…According to recent studies up to two-thirds or more of the global human population carries anelloviruses in plasma while GBVC can be found in serum of 1-4% of healthy blood donors, with a reported prevalence of 1.2% in The Netherlands (Jongerius et al, 1999;Bendinelli et al, 2001;Praharaj et al, 2006;Maggi and Bendinelli, 2010). These data suggest that the 2 viruses detected in the studied population do not correlate to the onset of schizophrenic symptoms.…”

Reduced maternal levels of common viruses during pregnancy predict offspring psychosis: Potential role of enhanced maternal immune activity?

“…These 2 viruses, which together accounted for 93.8% (30 out of 32) of all positives, are commonly found in healthy individuals and, since no clear correlation with any disease has ever been definitively established, they are regarded as commensal human viruses (Bendinelli et al, 2001;Praharaj et al, 2006;Bernardin et al, 2010;Maggi and Bendinelli, 2010).…”