Hepatitis in the South Pacific

Woodfield, Graeme

doi:10.1007/978-4-431-68255-4_97

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The repeat reactive rate for anti-HCV screening in Australian blood donors in Victoria is 0·97%, which is higher than that reported for donors in New Zealand (Woodfield, 1994) and the United States (Shakil et al, 1995), but lower than many Asian countries such as Indonesia, the Philippines or Japan (Nisioka, 1994), as well as some Southern European countries (van der Poel, Hepatitis Cþ donors, Victoria, Australia 17 ᭧ 1999 Blackwell Science Ltd, Transfusion Medicine, 9, 15-19 1994). These differences could stem from different community infection rates, age group of donors surveyed, predonation screening methods and prevalence of biological false reactivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Characteristics of hepatitis C‐positive blood donors in Victoria, Australia

Wong

Dodd

Kiely

et al. 1999

Transfusion Medicine

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Data from 3156 voluntary blood donors in Victoria, Australia, who were repeatedly reactive on anti-HCV screening test were analysed. It showed that between 1990 and 1997, 0.97% of routine blood donors were anti-HCV repeat reactive. Sixty-four (64) donors tested positive for HCV RNA. They were more likely to be male, had a mean age of 32.7 +/- 10.9 years and a mean serum ALT level of 70.9 +/- 46.5 i.u.L-1: the latter value being significantly different from donors with biological false reactivity (P < 0.0001). Among HCV antibody-positive donors there was a significantly increased rate of prior injecting drug use (34 vs. 1%), transfusion (25 vs. 10%) and tattooing (31 vs. 7%) than among donors with biological false reactivity (all P < 0.0001). The association of these risk factors is stronger with positivity for both immunoblot and HCV RNA than immunoblot alone. The data suggest that efforts should be made to increase the efficacy of donor questioning about prior drug use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Characteristics of hepatitis C‐positive blood donors in Victoria, Australia

Wong

Dodd

Kiely

et al. 1999

Transfusion Medicine

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“…Melanesia incorporates Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Fiji, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia, while Micronesia includes Kiribati, Nauru, Guam, and Marshall Islands. There is historical serological evidence of HDV in the PIs implicating all 3 regions including Solomon Islands, Marshall Islands, and Niue [20, 21]. However, a paucity of recent publications and testing for current infection with HDV RNA assays precludes an assessment of the true prevalence in these PIs, with the exception of Kiribati.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Phylogenetics of Hepatitis D Virus in New Zealand and the Implications for Pacific Island Countries

2021

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Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is considered a satellite virus that requires hepatitis B virus surface antigen for infectivity. HDV is endemic in some Pacific Island (PI) countries, including Kiribati and Nauru, with a unique genotype 1, “Pacific clade.” The aims of this study were to determine the HDV genotypes in New Zealand and investigate the link of strains to other PI countries and the rest of the world through phylogenetics. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed on 16 HDV-positive serum samples from 14 individuals collected between 2009 and 2014 at Auckland Hospital. Thirteen of 14 strains were confirmed as genotype 1 and 1 was genotype 5. Eleven of the 13 genotype 1 strains clustered with the Pacific clade. These were isolated from subjects born in Samoa, Kiribati, Tuvalu, and Niue. Another genotype 1 strain isolated from a Maori health-care worker clustered most closely with a European strain. There was an African genotype 1 and genotype 5 from African-born subjects with HIV coinfection. This study supports the probable transmission of HDV Pacific clade around the PI from Micronesia to Polynesia. The data also confirm the need to screen hepatitis B surface antigen-positive individuals for HDV.

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Hepatitis in the South Pacific

Cited by 2 publications

References 14 publications

Characteristics of hepatitis C‐positive blood donors in Victoria, Australia

Characteristics of hepatitis C‐positive blood donors in Victoria, Australia

Molecular Phylogenetics of Hepatitis D Virus in New Zealand and the Implications for Pacific Island Countries

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