Hepatitis virus infection in an isolated canadian inuit (Eskimo) population

Minuk, Gerald Y.; Nicolle, Lindsay E.; Postl, B; Waggoner, Jeanne G.; Hoofnagle, Jay H.

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890100405

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Inuit communities within the Baker Lake region of Nunavut conferred with these results at the time with a similar HBV prevalence of 4% [127][128]. Baikie et al investigated inhabitants of Northern Labrador, and discovered an overall HBsAg prevalence of 3.2%, with Inuit-specific…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Serological and molecular epidemiological outcomes after two decades of universal infant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in Nunavut, Canada

Huynh¹,

Minuk

Uhanova

et al. 2017

Vaccine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Serological and molecular epidemiological outcomes after two decades of universal infant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in Nunavut, Canada

Huynh¹,

Minuk

Uhanova

et al. 2017

Vaccine

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“…The demographic, clinical, biochemical, and serologic profile of this study population have been described in detail in a previous publication. 20 All samples were tested under code. Permission to test the samples had been obtained from the University of Manitoba Conjoint Ethics Committee.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid detection of hepatitis B virus mutations using real-time PCR and melting curve analysis

2002

Hepatology

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Current methods of detecting hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations are time consuming, labor intensive, and not suitable for screening large numbers of samples. In the present study, we documented the advantages of a system that exploits differences in thermal stability between perfect match and mismatch hybrids, and thereby distinguishes between wild-type and mutants. Hybridization probes were designed complementary to specific wild-type HBV sequences in surface (S), precore, and basal core promoter (BCP) regions of the HBV genome (nt 587, 1896, and 1762/1764, respectively). Two probes were designed for each mutation: anchor probes were 3 labeled with fluorescein and sensor probes, 5 labeled with LC-Red 640, and 3 phosphorylated. Temperatures for each probe melted from amplification products were then determined in a melting program. Sera from 12 patients, each containing identified HBV mutants (6 S-escape, 1 precore, 1 BCP, and 4 mixed precore and BCP), and 5 control sera from patients with wild-type virus were analyzed. Genomic sequences of mutant and wild-type viruses were confirmed by direct sequencing. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with fluorescent hybridization probes accurately identified each mutant and wild-type genome. Melting temperatures obtained from probe-product duplexes for the 3 mutants were distinguished from wild-type (>4.0°C, minimal) within 45 minutes. The sensitivity of the system was 100 copies/mL and as few as 5% of mutant among wild-type virus were detected. In conclusion, real-time PCR with fluorescent hybridization probes is a specific, sensitive, quantitative, and rapid means of detecting clinically relevant HBV mutants. (HEPATOLOGY 2002;36:723-728.) T he hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most common infectious agents in humans and a major cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. [1][2][3] It is a partially double-stranded DNA molecule virus that replicates through an RNA intermediate by reverse transcription. 4,5 The reverse transcriptase enzyme responsible for this aspect of the replication cycle lacks proofreading function and, therefore, mutations to the genome are common. Indeed, it is now recognized that the majority of chronic HBV infections are associated with emergence of mutations throughout the viral genome. Some of these mutations result in the generation of diverse viral populations and different clinical outcomes. Those in the surface, core, precore, and basal core promoter (BCP) regions appear to have the greatest clinical relevance. 6,7 Additional mutations have also been described after therapeutic interventions such as antiviral therapy and vaccination. 8,9 Thus, the ability to detect these mutants is essential to further our understanding of the natural history of HBV and its response to antiviral therapy and immunoprophylaxis.Presently, the detection of HBV mutants is largely performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, 10,11 gap ligase chain reaction assay and/or direct sequencing. 12,13 These methods ...

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“…The first study documenting the prevalence of HBV infection in an Aboriginal population was performed by Minuk et al (34) in 1980, when 720 of 817 inhabitants (88%) of the community of Baker Lake, Northwest Territories were studied. In excess of 90% of this study population were Inuit, with an equal representation of males and females.…”

Section: High Risk Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Hepatitis B in Canada

Gy¹,

Uhanova²

2001

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Recent developments in the treatment and prevention of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections warrant revisiting important epidemiological questions, such as how prevalent is chronic HBV infection in Canada, in which Canadian subpopulations are HBV prevalence rates the highest, in what percentage of infected individuals is the virus actively replicating, and how many infected Canadians are candidates for antiviral therapy? Currently available data suggest the overall prevalence of HBVinfected individuals in the general population is approximately 2%, with 5% to 10% having serological evidence of previous HBV infection. In high risk groups, such as street-connected individuals, Aboriginals and immigrants from endemic areas, these rates of viral prevalence and serological evidence of previous HBV infection are approximately two to 10 and five to 10 times higher, respectively, than in the general population. Candidates for antiviral therapy range from less than 1% of infected Aboriginals to 15% to 30% of Asians with chronic HBV. From these data, it is clear that chronic HBV remains an important public health problem in this country. Hence, resources must be identified to enhance Canadians' awareness of HBV infection, maintain, if not expand, efforts to identify and implement safe and effective antiviral therapy for HBV-infected individuals, and continue programs for universal vaccination to prevent new HBV infections.Key Words: Canada; Epidemiology; Hepatitis; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; Liver; Liver disease L'hépatite B chronique au Canada RÉSUMÉ : Compte tenu de récents progrès réalisés aux chapitres du traitement et de la prévention de l'hépatite B, il semble justifié de revoir les grandes questions épidémiologiques, par exemple, quelle est la prévalence de l'hépatite B chronique au Canada, dans quelle sous-population du Canada les taux de prévalence du HBV sont-ils les plus élevés, dans quel pourcentage des sujets infectés le virus se multiplie-t-il activement et combien de Canadiens infectés sont des candidats au traitement antiviral? Selon les données actuellement disponibles, la prévalence globale de l'infection au HBV dans la population générale s'élèverait à environ 2 %, de 5 à 10 % présentant des signes sérologiques d'infection au HBV. Dans les groupes à risque, par exemple chez les sans-abris, les Autochtones et certaines populations immigrantes provenant de régions endémiques du globe, ces taux de prévalence globale et de signes sérologiques d'infection au HBV sont de 2 à 10 et de 5 à 10 fois plus élevés respectivement que dans la population en général. Les pourcentages de candidats au traitement antiviral varient de moins de 1 % chez les Autochtones infectés à 15 ou 30 % chez les Asiatiques porteurs d'une infection chronique par le HBV. À partir de ces données, il est clair que le HBV reste un important problème de santé publique dans ce pays. Des ressources doivent donc être trouvées pour sensibiliser davantage les Canadiens au HBV, pour maintenir sinon élargir les efforts déployés pour découvrir e...

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Hepatitis virus infection in an isolated canadian inuit (Eskimo) population

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

Serological and molecular epidemiological outcomes after two decades of universal infant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in Nunavut, Canada

Serological and molecular epidemiological outcomes after two decades of universal infant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in Nunavut, Canada

Rapid detection of hepatitis B virus mutations using real-time PCR and melting curve analysis

Chronic Hepatitis B in Canada

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