Hepato-pathological hallmarks for the surveillance of Yellow Fever in South American non-human primates

Passsos, Pedro H O; Ramos, Daniel; Romano, Alessandro; Cavalcante, Karina Ribeiro Leite Jardim; Miranda, Luisa Helena Monteiro de; Coelho, Janice Mery Chicarino de Oliveira; Barros, Ramona C; Filho, Arnaldo Jorge Martins; Quaresma, Juarez Antônio Simões; Macêdo, Isabel Luana de; Wilson, Taís Meziara; Sousa, Davi Emanuel Ribeiro de; Melo, Cristiano Barros de; Castro, Márcio Botelho de

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106468

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Considering the complexity of interactions between NHPs and human populations in urbanized environments, the detection of a fatal case of toxoplasmosis in coinfection with the YFV in a free-ranging marmoset highlights the importance of robust and broad laboratory-based diagnosis for infectious agents of public health concern in a wildlife animal as a sentinel for zoonosis. This case also emphasizes the need for constant public health surveillance services improvement, especially since both YF and toxoplasmosis can cause fatal outbreaks in marmosets ( 9 , 10 , 18 ) and less frequently in humans ( 19 – 21 ), and the geographical and clinicopathological features overlap.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epizootics of YF and toxoplasmosis are primarily characterized by severe liver damage in non-human primates, with some similarities in the gross aspect, but they have distinct histopathological features ( 18 , 23 ). Midzonal to panlobular necrosis, Councilman body formation, and microvesicular steatosis are the main features of YF virus-induced liver damage ( 18 ). While in toxoplasmosis, mild to moderate random liver necrosis with a variable lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate intensity and intralesional apicomplexan zoites are the most significant pathological hallmarks ( 10 , 23 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case report: Urbanized non-human primates as sentinels for human zoonotic diseases: a case of acute fatal toxoplasmosis in a free-ranging marmoset in coinfection with yellow fever virus

Sousa,

Wilson,

Macêdo

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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Free-ranging non-human primates (NHP) can live in anthropized areas or urban environments in close contact with human populations. This condition can enable the emergence and transmission of high-impact zoonotic pathogens. For the first time, we detected a coinfection of the yellow fever (YF) virus with Toxoplasma gondii in a free-ranging NHP in a highly urbanized area of a metropolis in Brazil. Specifically, we observed this coinfection in a black-tufted marmoset found dead and taken for a necropsy by the local health surveillance service. After conducting an epidemiological investigation, characterizing the pathological features, and performing molecular assays, we confirmed that the marmoset developed an acute fatal infection caused by T. gondii in coinfection with a new YF virus South American-1 sub-lineage. As a result, we have raised concerns about the public health implications of these findings and discussed the importance of diagnosis and surveillance of zoonotic agents in urbanized NHPs. As competent hosts of zoonotic diseases such as YF and environmental sentinels for toxoplasmosis, NHPs play a crucial role in the One Health framework to predict and prevent the emergence of dangerous human pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case report: Urbanized non-human primates as sentinels for human zoonotic diseases: a case of acute fatal toxoplasmosis in a free-ranging marmoset in coinfection with yellow fever virus

Sousa,

Wilson,

Macêdo

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…An additional parameter F Brazil was used where relevant to multiply λ S for regions in the country of Brazil, to take into account surveillance of non-human primates 12 ;13 which is assumed to reduce sylvatic spillover.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing yellow fever outbreak potential and implications for vaccine strategy

Fraser,

Hamlet,

Jean

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundYellow fever (YF), a vector-borne viral hemorrhagic fever, is endemic in tropical regions of Africa and South America, with large vaccination programmes being used for control. However, significant outbreaks have occurred in recent years. Data on infection rates and seroprevalence is often sparse, requiring robust mathematical models to estimate the burden of yellow fever. In particular, modelling is required to estimate the risk of outbreaks and inform policy decisions regarding the targeting of vaccination.MethodsWe present a dynamic, stochastic model of YF transmission which uses environmental covariates to estimate the force of infection due to spillover from the sylvatic (non-human primate) reservoir and the basic reproduction number for human-to-human transmission. We examine the potential for targets identified by the World Health Organization EYE Strategy (50%, 60% or 80% vaccination coverage in 1-60 year olds) to achieve different threshold values for the effective reproduction number. Threshold values are chosen to reflect the potential for seasonal and/or climatic variation in YF transmission even in a scenario where vaccination lowers the median reproduction number below 1.ResultsBased on parameter estimates derived from epidemiological data, it is found that the 2022 EYE Strategy target coverage is sufficient to reduce the static averaged annual effective reproduction numberRbelow 1 across most or all regions in Africa depending on the effectiveness of reported vaccinations, but insufficient to reduce it below 0.5 and thereby eliminate outbreaks in areas with high seasonal range. Coverage levels aligned with the 2026 targets are found to significantly decrease the proportion of regions whereRis greater than 0.5.

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“…Non-human primates (NHPs), particularly rhesus macaques, exhibit genetic and immunological similarities to humans, making them valuable models for studying immune responses, disease progression, and therapeutic evaluations [ 51 , 52 , 53 ]. Studies on Chagas disease and Yellow fever virus showcase the relevance of NHPs in closely replicating human disease progression [ 53 , 54 ], despite challenges in handling and monitoring, the need for specialized facilities, ethical considerations, and cost implications [ 55 ]. A number of birds, such as the Eurasian blackbird, house sparrow, American robin, and domestic chicken, have provided information about the interactions between viruses like St. Louis encephalitis virus and West Nile virus and their reservoir hosts [ 39 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Use Of Vertebrate Hosts To Study Arthropod Feeding and Patho...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Feeding Systems for Vector-Borne Disease Studies

Olajiga,

Jameson,

Carter

et al. 2024

Biology

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This review examines the advancements and methodologies of artificial feeding systems for the study of vector-borne diseases, offering a critical assessment of their development, advantages, and limitations relative to traditional live host models. It underscores the ethical considerations and practical benefits of such systems, including minimizing the use of live animals and enhancing experimental consistency. Various artificial feeding techniques are detailed, including membrane feeding, capillary feeding, and the utilization of engineered biocompatible materials, with their respective applications, efficacy, and the challenges encountered with their use also being outlined. This review also forecasts the integration of cutting-edge technologies like biomimicry, microfluidics, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence to refine and expand the capabilities of artificial feeding systems. These innovations aim to more accurately simulate natural feeding conditions, thereby improving the reliability of studies on the transmission dynamics of vector-borne diseases. This comprehensive review serves as a foundational reference for researchers in the field, proposing a forward-looking perspective on the potential of artificial feeding systems to revolutionize vector-borne disease research.

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Hepato-pathological hallmarks for the surveillance of Yellow Fever in South American non-human primates

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Case report: Urbanized non-human primates as sentinels for human zoonotic diseases: a case of acute fatal toxoplasmosis in a free-ranging marmoset in coinfection with yellow fever virus

Case report: Urbanized non-human primates as sentinels for human zoonotic diseases: a case of acute fatal toxoplasmosis in a free-ranging marmoset in coinfection with yellow fever virus

Assessing yellow fever outbreak potential and implications for vaccine strategy

Artificial Feeding Systems for Vector-Borne Disease Studies

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