Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Association with Increased Iron Deposition in the Cirrhotic Liver at MR Imaging

Ito, Katsuyoshi; Mitchell, Donald G.; Gabata, Toshifumi; Hann, Hie‐Won; Kim, Pyo N.; Fujita, Takeshi; Awaya, Hitomi; Honjo, Kazumitsu; Matsunaga, Naofumi

doi:10.1148/radiology.212.1.r99jl41235

Cited by 75 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Such iron-rich or siderotic nodules appear slightly hyperattenuating at unenhanced CT and, due to the T2-and T2 * -shortening effects of iron, appear moderately to markedly hypointense on T2-weighted and T2 * -weighted MR images; the hypointensity is more pronounced on gradient-echo than on fastspin-echo images, and on images with longer echo times (117,122,130). These nodules usually appear hypointense on T1-weighted images but, depending on the image weighting and the iron concentration, may appear slightly hyperintense (63).…”

Section: Dysplastic Nodulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CT and MR Imaging Diagnosis and Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Part I. Development, Growth, and Spread: Key Pathologic and Imaging Aspects

2014

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Section: Dysplastic Nodulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CT and MR Imaging Diagnosis and Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Part I. Development, Growth, and Spread: Key Pathologic and Imaging Aspects

2014

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“…1,2 Despite its essential role, iron overload has been implicated in several serious liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, implying the importance of cellular iron homeostasis. [3][4][5] It also has been reported that cells deprived of iron do not proceed from the G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. [6][7][8] Iron chelation therefore often has been used to inhibit the growth of cancer cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Dysfunction via Disruption of Complex II Activity during Iron Chelation—Induced Senescence-like Growth Arrest of Chang Cells

Yoon

Cho

Lee

et al. 2004

Mitochondrial Pathogenesis

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When cells are deprived of iron, their growth is invariably inhibited. However, the mechanism involved remains largely unclear. Recently, we have reported that subcytotoxic concentration of deferoxamine mesylate (DFO), an iron chelator, specifically inhibited transition of Chang cell, a normal hepatocyte cell line, from G1 to S phase, which was accompanied by irreversible appearance of senescent biomarkers. To investigate factors responsible for the irreversible arrest, we examined mitochondrial activities because they require several irons for their proper structure and function. After exposure to 1 M DFO, total cellular ATP level was irreversibly decreased with concurrent disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (⌬⌿m), implying that it might be one of the crucial factors involved in the arrest. DFO did not directly inhibit the mitochondrial respiratory activities in vitro. Among the respiratory activities, complex II activity was specifically inhibited through a down-regulation of the expression of its iron-sulfur subunit. We also observed that mitochondrial morphology was drastically changed to highly elongated form. Our results suggest that mitochondrial function is sensitive to cellular iron level and iron deprivation might be involved in inducing the senescent arrest. In addition, complex II, which is a part of both oxidative phosphorylation and the Krebs cycle, could be one of the critical factors that regulate mitochondrial function by responding to iron levels.

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“…Because of the retrospective design of the current study, our methodology did not include histopathologic proof that the decreased signal intensity seen was caused by hepatic iron deposition. However, the same imaging techniques have been used to detect hepatic iron overload and siderotic regenerative nodules, and the results were confirmed with quantitative histopathologic measurements [19][20][21] . In CT he patic angiog raphy, MRN have been characterized as non-enhancing nodules surrounded by enhancing fibrous septa [22] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Macro-regenerative nodules in biliary atresia: CT/MRI findings and their pathological relations

Liang¹,

Cheng²,

Concejero³

et al. 2008

WJG

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AIM:To describe the radiological findings of a macro-regenerative nodule (MRN) in the liver of pretransplantation biliary atresia (BA) patients and to correlate it with histological findings. METHODS: Between August 1990 and November 2007, 144 BA patients underwent liver transplantation (LT) at our institution. The pre-transplantation computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were reviewed and correlated with the post-transplantation pathological findings. RESULTS: Nine tumor lesions in 7 patients were diagnosed in explanted livers. The post-transplantation pathological findings showed that all the lesions were MRNs without malignant features. No small nodule was detected by either MRI or CT. Of the 8 detectable lesions, 6 (75%) were in the central part of the liver, 5 (63%) were larger than 5 cm, 5 (63%) had intratumor tubular structures, 3 (38%) showed enhancing fibrous septa, 3 (38%) had arterial enhancement in CT, one (13%) showed enhancement in MRI, and one (13%) had internal calcifications. CONCLUSION: Although varied in radiological a p p e a ra n c e , M R N c a n b e d i f f e r e n t i a t e d f r o m hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in most of BA patients awaiting LT. The presence of an arterial-enhancing nodule does not imply that LT is withheld solely on the basis of presumed malignancy by imaging studies. Liver biopsy may be required in aid of diagnostic imaging to exclude malignancy.

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Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Association with Increased Iron Deposition in the Cirrhotic Liver at MR Imaging

Abstract: The occurrence of HCC may be associated causally with iron deposition in regenerative nodules in patients with cirrhosis. MR imaging can enable detection of iron deposition in regenerative nodules as a possible risk factor for the development of HCC.

Cited by 75 publications

References 28 publications

CT and MR Imaging Diagnosis and Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Part I. Development, Growth, and Spread: Key Pathologic and Imaging Aspects

CT and MR Imaging Diagnosis and Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Part I. Development, Growth, and Spread: Key Pathologic and Imaging Aspects

Mitochondrial Dysfunction via Disruption of Complex II Activity during Iron Chelation—Induced Senescence-like Growth Arrest of Chang Cells

Macro-regenerative nodules in biliary atresia: CT/MRI findings and their pathological relations

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