Hepatocellular carcinoma: From diagnosis to treatment

Grandhi, Miral S.; Kim, Amy K.; Ronnekleiv-Kelly, Sean; Kamel, Ihab R.; Ghasebeh, Mounes Aliyari; Pawlik, Timothy M.

doi:10.1016/j.suronc.2016.03.002

Cited by 395 publications

(315 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…With the development of new diagnostic techniques, early detection of HCC makes it possible to start treatment at an early stage of the disease, which significantly improves the outcome of HCC patients [2]. However, tumor recurrence and distant metastasis still affect numerous HCC patients even after surgical resection or radiofrequency ablation [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Upregulation of 14-3-3ζ and P-Akt is Associated with Oncogenesis and Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Tang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: 14-3-3ζ is involved in the regulation of PI3K/Akt pathway which is closely associated with carcinogenesis. However, the clinical significance of combined detection of 14-3-3ζ and p-Akt in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Methods: Two-hundred pairs of HCC and adjacent liver specimens were subjected to tissue microarray. The association of 14-3-3ζ and p-Akt levels with the postoperative survival and recurrence in HCC patients was analyzed with univariate and multivariate methods. Moreover, the effects of 14-3-3ζ overexpression on the growth of HCC and the expressions of p-Akt and HIF-1α were assessed in a xenograft mouse model. Results: Elevated levels of 14-3-3ζ and p-Akt were detected in HCC and a positive correlation between the levels of 14-3-3ζ and p-Akt was verified. HCC patients with satellite nodules, microvascular invasion, portal vein tumor thrombosis, poor tumor differentiation and an advanced tumor stage tended to have higher levels of 14-3-3ζ and p-Akt. In addition, the postoperative 3-, 5-, and 7-year overall survival rates in HCC patients with 14-3-3ζhigh and p-Akthigh were significantly lower compared with those with 14-3-3ζlow and p-Aktlow, and the cumulative recurrence rate in HCC patients with 14-3-3ζhigh and p-Akthigh was significantly higher than that in those with 14-3-3ζlow and p-Aktlow. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis indicated that concomitant upregulation of 14-3-3ζ and p-Akt was an independent factor that predicted poor survival and high recurrence in HCC patients. Furthermore, animal experiment showed that overexpression of 14-3-3ζ accelerated the growth of HCC xenograft tumors and induced the expressions of p-Akt and HIF-1α in vivo. Conclusion: Co-upregulation of 14-3-3ζ and p-Akt predicts poor prognosis in patients with HCC, and 14-3-3ζ-induced activation of the Akt signaling pathway contributes to HCC progression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Upregulation of 14-3-3ζ and P-Akt is Associated with Oncogenesis and Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Tang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…In recent years, HCC incidence has significantly increased in the United States, which is likely—in part—due to the contemporaneous increase in prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the most common liver disorder among Western industrialized nations 4. Therapeutic options for HCC vary according to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage; early stage HCC is generally treated by surgical resection or transplantation, while intermediate and advanced stage HCC is treated by embolization, systemic chemotherapy agents such as sorafenib, or supportive care 5. Despite the number of potentially-curative therapies available, however, HCC is typically diagnosed late, and only a minority of patients in the United States meet rigorous transplant criteria 6.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Novel Thermal Accelerant for Augmentation of Microwave Energy during Image-guided Tumor Ablation

et al. 2017

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The primary challenge in thermal ablation of liver tumors (e.g. hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic colorectal cancer) is the relatively high recurrence rate (~30%) for which incomplete ablation at the periphery of the tumor is the most common reason. In an attempt to overcome this, we have developed a novel thermal accelerant (TA) agent capable of augmenting microwave energy from a distance normally unattainable by a single microwave ablation antenna. This cesium-based block co-polymer compound transforms from a liquid to a gel at body temperature and is intrinsically visible by computed tomography. Using an agarose phantom model, herein we demonstrate that both the rate and magnitude of temperature increase during microwave ablation were significantly greater in the presence of TA when compared with controls. These results suggest robust augmentation of microwave energy, and may translate into larger ablation zone volumes within biologic tissues. Further work using in vivo techniques is necessary to confirm these findings.

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“…The liver cirrhosis is known to be caused by chronic viral hepatitis B and C infections; metabolic liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic faty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hemochromatosis, a1-antitrypsin deiciency, and Wilson's disease; alcoholic liver disease; and autoimmune diseases [2].…”

Section: The Characteristics Of Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that the incidence of liver cancer has been on the rise globally and its poor prognosis, the overall mortality rate has also been increased [1,2]. Some hepatic stem/progenitor markers are currently available for identifying a subset of cells with stem cell-like features known as cancer stem cells (CSCs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Stem Cells and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 in Liver Cancers

Tomita¹,

Kanayama²,

Niwa³

et al. 2017

Updates in Liver Cancer

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The cancer stem cell (CSC) theory posits that a small population of cells with stem celllike features is responsible for tumor growth, resistance, and recurrence in many malignancies. This theory could be a useful paradigm for designing innovative targeted drug therapies. Liver cancer is the ifth most common cancer worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) as the predominant forms. Hepatic stem/progenitor cells are believed to be the origin of HCCs and CCAs; however, this remains a controversial topic. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is the main enzymatic system responsible for the clearance of acetaldehyde from the hepatocytes in the liver tissue. Therefore, ALDH1 has been suggested to be a potential, biological and CSC marker in liver cancers. We here provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of CSCs in liver and the role of ALDH1 in the development and progression of liver cancers and discuss its potential value as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma: From diagnosis to treatment

Cited by 395 publications

References 106 publications

Co-Upregulation of 14-3-3ζ and P-Akt is Associated with Oncogenesis and Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Co-Upregulation of 14-3-3ζ and P-Akt is Associated with Oncogenesis and Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Evaluation of a Novel Thermal Accelerant for Augmentation of Microwave Energy during Image-guided Tumor Ablation

Cancer Stem Cells and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 in Liver Cancers

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