Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic livers: detection with unenhanced and iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging.

Yamamoto, H.; Yamashita, Yugo; Yoshimatsu, S; Baba, Yuji; Hatanaka, Yoshimi; Murakami, Ryuji; Nishiharu, Taiji; Takahashi, Masaji; Higashida, Yoshiharu; Moribe, Nobuyuki

doi:10.1148/radiology.195.1.7892448

Cited by 112 publications

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“…Yamamoto's group reported that SPIOenhanced MR imaging with moderately T2-weighted or FLASH sequences was highly accurate for detecting small hepatocellular carcinomas in cirrhotic livers. 35 Our study revealed that pulse sequences with``halfway TEs'' were more sensitive in detecting damage of the liver parenchyma than heavily T1-or T2-weighted sequences. It may be argued that pulse sequences sensitive to liver parenchymal change and those sensitive to focal hepatic lesions are opposite sides of the same coin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Evaluation of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide for MR Imaging of Liver Injury: Proton Relaxation Mechanisms and Optimal MR Imaging Parameters

2006

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Purpose: To investigate the proton relaxation mechanisms and the optimal MR imaging parameters in superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced MR imaging of liver injury.Methods: A liver injury model was created in the rat using carbon tetrachloride. The T 1 and T 2 relaxation eŠects of SPIO in normal and injured liver were estimated by ex vivo relaxometry. In vivo laser confocal microscopy of the liver was performed to simulate the distribution and clustering of SPIO particles in the hepatic macrophages. SPIO-enhanced MR imaging (1.5T) of normal and diseased rats was performed with variable parameters. The liver specimens were prepared for histopathological examination.Results: Histopathological and laser confocal microscopicˆndings showed diŠuse macrophage distribution but decreased intracellular clustering of SPIO in injured liver. Ex vivo relaxometry showed sustained T 1 and T 2 relaxation eŠects of SPIO in liver injury. On MR images obtained with moderate echo time (spin echo [SE] 2000 W 40 and gradient echo [GRE] 130 W 9.0 W 609 ), injured liver showed signiˆcantly lower decrease in signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) than the normal liver, whereas little diŠerence in SNR was found between the normal and injured liver on heavily T 2 -(SE 2000 W 80) and T 1 -weighted (SE 300 W 11 and GRE 130 W 2.0 W 909 ) MR images.Conclusion: Pulse sequences with a moderately long echo time (TE) may be more appropriate than heavily T 1 -or T 2 -weighted images for distinguishing normal and injured liver in SPIO-enhanced MR imaging because of the maintained T 1 and T 2 relaxation eŠect but decreased T 2 * relaxation eŠect of SPIO in injured liver.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Evaluation of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide for MR Imaging of Liver Injury: Proton Relaxation Mechanisms and Optimal MR Imaging Parameters

2006

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“…11 SPIO acts as a negative contrast agent because uptake of its particles by KupŠer cells in the reticuloendothelial system of the liver 12,13 causes local magnetiĉ eld inhomogeneity and results in considerable T 2* shortening. 13 SPIO-enhanced MR is useful for detecting HCC [14][15][16] and has higher sensitivity than dynamic MDCT for detecting hypervascular HCCs smaller than 10 mm in diameter. 3 On dynamic MDCT, arterial parenchymal enhancement due to arterioportal venous (AP) shunt may become a false positive lesion in the investigation of HCC.…”

Section: Ct Versus Mr Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

CT versus MR Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Toward Improved Treatment Decisions

2012

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Detection, characterization, staging, and treatment monitoring are major roles of diagnostic imaging of liver cancers. Developments in multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) technology have increased the spatial and temporal resolution of CT to allow more precise evaluation of the hemodynamics of liver tumors and improve the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic MDCT. The high spatial and temporal resolutions of dynamic MDCT enable us to reconstruct 3-dimensional (3D) images that are very useful for pretreatment evaluation. Dynamic MR imaging with fast 3D T 1 -weighted gradient echo imaging sequence using nonspeciˆc contrast medium can be highly sensitive for detecting hypervascular HCC. However, the use of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA), a contrast medium speciˆc to hepatic tissue, oŠers greater diagnostic ability and, so, has become essential to liver imaging. MR imaging with Gd-EOB-DTPA may replace CT during hepatic arteriography and CT during arterioportography.

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“…Although most earlier clinical trials with magnetic nanoparticles as contrast agents were evaluated almost exclusively on T 2 -w fast spin echo (FSE) and T 2 *-w gradient echo (GRE) sequences, and the strong T 1 contrast enhancement effect of magnetic nanoparticles has rarely been used in clinical and molecular imaging (Reimer, 1995;Yamamoto, 1995;Tang, 1999), the effect of SPIO or USPIO on proton relaxation is not confined to T 2 and T 2 * effect. They should be considered to influence T 1 relaxivity with increased SI on T 1 -w GRE sequences at low concentrations.…”

Section: T 1 and T 2 (T 2 *) Multi-contrast For Cell Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Imaging Tracking by MR Advanced Techniques: Dual-Contrast Approaches

Wu¹

2012

Smart Nanoparticles Technology

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Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic livers: detection with unenhanced and iron oxide-enhanced MR imaging.

Abstract: SPIO-enhanced MR imaging with proton-density-weighted or FLASH sequences was more accurate in the detection of small HCCs in cirrhotic livers.

Cited by 112 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide for MR Imaging of Liver Injury: Proton Relaxation Mechanisms and Optimal MR Imaging Parameters

Evaluation of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide for MR Imaging of Liver Injury: Proton Relaxation Mechanisms and Optimal MR Imaging Parameters

CT versus MR Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Toward Improved Treatment Decisions

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Imaging Tracking by MR Advanced Techniques: Dual-Contrast Approaches

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