Hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic primary neoplasms

Kanematsu, Masayuki; Imaeda, T; Yamawaki, Y; Hirose, Yoshiaki; Inoue, Akemi; Goto, Hironobu; Doi, Hidetaka

doi:10.1007/bf01888509

Cited by 20 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan reports that the occurrence of synchronous or metachronous PMNs in HCC patients is increasing annually, ranging from 2.87 to 4.17% in the period 1980-1987 [4]. These data are similar to ours (7 synchronous and 3 metachronous PMNs out of 317 patients, or 3.17%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…More recent papers from Japanese authors report a higher prevalence of synchronous and metachronous PMNs (7.5-8.4%) [3,4]; however, the percentage of patients in whom HCC has been treated in these series is much higher than in ours [14] and life expectancy is lon ger.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

“…As a consequence, the problem of the association of HCC with other cancers has been evaluated in several series [2][3][4], In a series from Taiwan, 12/562 PMNs (21.1%) oc curred before or simultaneously to HCC [2]; this percent age is lower than ours (25 PMNs before HCC and 7 syn chronous out of 317, or 10.1 %).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PMNs were defined according to the criteria previously established by Warren and Gates [9]. Two disparate PMNs were considered simultaneous if the interval be tween HCC and PMN diagnosis was less than 1 year [3,4], The patients with multiple myeloma (MM) were staged according to the scheme of Durie and Salmon's [10],…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problem has been examined in several series from the Far East [2][3][4], but, to our knowledge, this is the first clinical series concerning Western patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extrahepatic Primary Malignant Neoplasms Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: High Occurrence of B Cell Tumors

et al. 1994

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In a consecutive series of 317 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 32 (10.1%) had 35 extrahepatic primary malignant neoplasms (PMNs) (3 patients had triple cancers). Twenty-five PMNs occurred before the diagnosis of HCC, 7 were synchronous and 3 metachronous. These 35 PMNs were: 6 cancers of the colon, 3 of the stomach, 1 of the rectum, 4 of the breast, 2 of the lung, 1 of the larynx, 3 of the prostate, 1 of the penis, 1 of the urinary bladder, 1 of the uterus, 2 of the skin, and the remaining 10 were immunoproliferative cancers, all of B cell origin (7 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 2 multiple myeloma, and 1 chronic lymphocytic leukemia). Thus, in this series, B-lymphocyte-derived neoplasms were the most frequent PMNs associated with HCC. These 10 patients showed no difference for age, male:female ratio, HCC cytotype, presence of cirrhosis, alcohol abuse, markers related to hepatitis B and C virus, and serum level of a-fetoprotein when compared with the 22 patients with HCC and other PMNs and the 285 with HCC alone. B cell neoplasms constitute half of the synchronous or metachronous cancers, and must, therefore, be kept in mind in the management of HCC patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problem has been examined in several series from the Far East [2][3][4], but, to our knowledge, this is the first clinical series concerning Western patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extrahepatic Primary Malignant Neoplasms Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: High Occurrence of B Cell Tumors

et al. 1994

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Association of hepatocellular carcinoma in North American patients with extrahepatic primary malignancies

Nzeako¹,

Goodman

Ishak³

1994

Cancer

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Background. The finding of an association between one primary tumor and others is an area of continuing interest from clinical and pathologic viewpoints. The authors studied patients in North American with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with extrahepatic primary malignancies (EHPMs) and compared them with patients who had hepatocellular carcinomas not associated with other neoplasms. The authors know of only four other series that have investigated such cases, none of which was from North America. Methods. The authors retrospectively reviewed 1349 consecutive cases of histologically diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology over a 14‐year period. Seventy‐four patients (5.5%) had an EHPM, and these were compared with the 1275 patients who did not have another primary malignancy. Statistical comparisons were made using the chisquare statistical or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate, and life‐table survival analyses were performed. Results. Significantly more men (P = 0.02) than women had EHPMs, and their mean age of 69.2 ± 2.1 years was significantly older (P < 0.05) than that of those without EHPMs (59.9 ± 1.0 years). Seventeen (19.8%) EHPMs occurred before HCC, 66 (76.7%) occurred synchronously, and 3 (3.5%) occurred metachronously. The probability of finding an EHPM increased if the nonneoplastic liver was cirrhotic or dysplastic. Mean survival for the HCC with EHPM group did not differ significantly from that for the group without EHPM. Conclusions. Extrahepatic primary malignancies do not significantly influence the survival of patients with HCC. The most common EHPMs associated with HCC are either diseases of old age or those already known to be common among North American populations.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with extrahepatic primary malignant neoplasms

et al. 1998

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Background:We studied hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with extrahepatic primary malignant neoplasms (EPMNs) and investigated its clinical and pathologic relevance. Method: Data from autopsies performed during the last 10 years (January 1985 to December 1994) on 146 patients with HCC were analyzed at Maebashi Red Cross Hospital. The 146 patients consisted of 116 men and 30 women ranging in age from 38 to 87 years at the time of death. Results: EPMNs were found in 21 patients: in the large bowel (6 cases), stomach (4 cases), thyroid (2 cases), urinary bladder (2 cases), small intestine (2 case), liver (1 case) and 1 case in the lung, pancreas, prostate, and breast, respectively. One patient had a malignant lymphoma in the small intestine. Ten EPMNs (47.6%) were latent or found at autopsy. The frequency of blood transfusion was significantly higher in the patients with EPMNs than in those without EPMNs. Those with EPMNs tended to be older and more likely to be male. Sixteen of the 21 patients died of liver-related causes. Two patients died of a second cancer, and 3 died of reasons other than malignancy, such as brain hemorrhage and pneumonia. Conclusion: Fully 14.4% of patients whose autopsies showed HCC had EPMNs. Survival from the time of diagnosis of HCC did not differ significantly in the patients with EPMNs. These observations suggest that EPMNs did not change the prognosis of these patients with HCC, even when their EPMNs had been detected and treated early.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic primary neoplasms

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Extrahepatic Primary Malignant Neoplasms Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: High Occurrence of B Cell Tumors

Extrahepatic Primary Malignant Neoplasms Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: High Occurrence of B Cell Tumors

Association of hepatocellular carcinoma in North American patients with extrahepatic primary malignancies

Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with extrahepatic primary malignant neoplasms

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