Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Metastasis to the Duodenum: —A Case Report—

Abstract

A case of hepatocellular carcinoma with metastasis to the duodenum is reported on together with a review of the literature. A 61‐year‐old male was admitted with hematemesis and melena. An endoscopic examination revealed a large hemorrhagic ulcer at the duodenal bulbi. A biopsied specimen taken from the bottom of the ulcer revealed an infiltrating hepatocellular carcinoma. The postmortem examination revealed a hepatocellular carcinoma with metastasis in the duodenum. This is the third report of hepatocellular carcinoma with metastasis in the duodenum.

A rare case of hepatocellular carcinoma metastasizing hematogenously to the rectum

“…Thus, we speculate that the route of the metastasis in this case was via the blood stream, rather than via peritoneal dissemination. With regard to the prognosis of patients with metastatic HCC in the GI tract, the median survival from the detection of the GI tract metastasis was 2.1 months, ranging from 2 weeks to 17 months [8,9,[12][13][14]. In this case, the patient survived for more than 4 months after the diagnosis of metastasis of HCC to the rectum, but eventually died due to esophageal varix rupture.…”

“…However, metastatic lesions in the GI tract were revealed only in 3-12 % of autopsied HCC cases [5][6][7]. Among the few reports describing hematogenous metastasis to the GI tract, the most common metastatic sites are the upper GI tract, the small bowel, or the ascending colon, while metastasis to the left-sided colon or the rectum is extremely rare [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. To date, eight cases of hematogenous metastasis from HCC to the colon or the rectum were reported in the English literature (Table 1).…”

“…In contrast, gastrointestinal (GI) tract metastasis is uncommon, being found only in 3-12 % of cases at autopsy [5][6][7]. The most common sites of involvement were the duodenum [8][9][10][11][12], the stomach [9,10,[13][14][15][16], the jejunum [14,[16][17][18], and the right-sided colon [19][20][21]. In the literature, there were only a few reports describing the rectal metastasis from HCC.…”