Hepatocellular carcinomas associated with hepatitis b and c virus infections: Are they any different?

Age, gender, and local geographic variations of viral etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in a hyperendemic area for hepatitis B virus infection

“…7,41 However, HBV-associated HCC is being reduced to near-extinction in Japan, perhaps as a result of the vaccination program and improved living conditions. In Taiwan, the vaccination program has also reduced the HBV carrier rate and HCC rate in children.…”

Hepatocytic Proliferation in Chronic Liver Disease: A Study of Liver Biopsies Using Immunohistochemical Localization of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

“…Also, in terms of location, PCNA-labeling did not necessarily occur in the vicinity of piecemeal necrosis, fibrosis or portal inflammation. If this excess of PLF in HCV-associated chronic liver disease is confirmed by correcting the limitation of small numbers, it may partly explain the intriguing phenomena of some biological features of chronic HCV infection recently reported, 29 regarding the more frequent association with cirrhosis and quicker progression to hepatocellular carcinoma when compared to those in chronic HBV infection.…”

Hepatitis B

“…Studies from different countries document variable susceptibility to HCC development, with the highest risk evident in East African races. The likelihood of aflatoxins acting as co-carcinogens has been raised to explain this difference [62]. Recent attention has focused on the X protein expressed in infected individuals and also in some HCC patients negative for all serum markers of HBV infection [19].…”