Hepatocellular Death: Apoptosis, Autophagy, Necrosis and Necroptosis

Radu-Ioniţă, Florentina; Bontaș, Ecaterina; Tintoiu, I.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-24432-3_4

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 27 publications

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“…2). When the antioxidant ca- pacity of hepatocytes is overwhelmed by the excess generation of these species, oxidative stress occurs, which in turn deregulates cellular signaling pathways, alters the function and structure of biomolecules, and eventually promotes cell death through apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis processes [39][40][41][42]. In the case of metabolic disorders, for example, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), accumulation of fatty acids leads to the formation of lipotoxic species in hepatocytes that causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and excessive level of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines [43].…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of Liver Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Morus nigra and Its Phytochemicals against Hepatotoxicity: A Review of Preclinical Studies

Ghorbani

Hooshmand

2021

Pharmacology

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Background: Our liver has a variety of vital functions including removing poisons, storing energy, immunological roles, and secretory and excretory functions. It may face some kinds of diseases caused by viruses, hepatotoxic chemicals, drugs, alcohol, and inherited disorders. Oxidative stress and inflammation are in the core of mechanisms of liver damages induced by viruses or chemical agents. Summary: Morus nigra (M. nigra), generally known as black mulberry, exhibited wide-spectrum pharmacological effects including antidiabetic, antinociceptive, anticancer, and hepatoprotective activities. Different parts of this plant particularly the fruit and leaf have shown beneficial effects on hepatocytes in cell culture and animal models of liver damages induced by chemicals (e.g., CCl4), drugs (e.g., paracetamol), diet (e.g., high fat), diabetes, etc. The beneficial effects of M. nigra on the liver are attributed to the presence of considerable amounts of phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins, flavonols, and phenolic acids. The present review is aimed to focus on the hepatoprotective activities of M. nigra and its phytochemicals and the mechanisms responsible for these activities. Key Messages: The evidence reviewed in this study can help design clinical trials on M. nigra in patients with liver disorders and develop a hepatoprotective herbal medicine.

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Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of Liver Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Morus nigra and Its Phytochemicals against Hepatotoxicity: A Review of Preclinical Studies

Ghorbani

Hooshmand

2021

Pharmacology

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Pathomechanism of Liver Fibrosis and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in its Resolution Process

Husein

Liem

2023

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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Liver fibrosis is a disease process that, without adequate treatment, can lead to liver failure and can be life-threatening. This disease is reversible and appropriate therapy can prevent further liver damage. Liver transplant therapy is the only treatment for an end-stage liver disease that works, but it has various obstacles and limitations in its implementation. Therefore, nowadays, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become a hope of therapy for liver fibrosis. Our literature review describes the pathomechanism of liver fibrosis and the steps of its resolution, accompanied by the possible role of MSCs in supporting the process. The activation of several complex pathways regulates liver fibrosis, and its resolution, involving Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSCs) activation, which are precursors of myofibroblasts (MFs) and causes fibrosis. The presence of the High-mobility group box-1 pathway, which also induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)/tissue Inhibitors of MMPs s and Syndecan-1, is incorporated into the extracellular matrix (ECM). In repairing liver damage, four steps of liver fibrosis resolution are required, such as preventing further damage, restoring the intrahepatic balance of inflammation, removing and inactivating MFs, and ECM degradation associated with arresting the eight pathways of the fibrosis mechanism. MSCs can help resolve liver fibrosis and speed up wound healing, increase hepatocyte survival, and suppress HSCs activation by blocking fibrosis mechanism pathways such as TGF-β and pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23, in addition to an elevated level of an anti-inflammatory factor like IL-10.

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Hepatocellular Death: Apoptosis, Autophagy, Necrosis and Necroptosis

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

Protective Effects of <b><i>Morus nigra</i></b> and Its Phytochemicals against Hepatotoxicity: A Review of Preclinical Studies

Protective Effects of <b><i>Morus nigra</i></b> and Its Phytochemicals against Hepatotoxicity: A Review of Preclinical Studies

Pathomechanism of Liver Fibrosis and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in its Resolution Process

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